LABORATORY SAFETY RULES

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Understand the instructions before you start the investigation. Do not eat or drink in a laboratory Do not enter a laboratory without the teacher permission. Wash all the apparatus after use. Do not run about or play in a laboratory. Do not test anything without the teachers instruction Report any breakage of apparatus or accident to the teacher immediately. Check the label on the container to make sure that you are using the correct chemical

Laboratory apparatus

Test tube holder

Test tube Test tube rack

Filter Funnel Beaker Conical flask Clamp

measuring cylinder

Gas jar

Wire gauze

Bunsen burner Pippete Retort stand

Burette
Tripod stand

spatula

Evaporating dish

Vernier caliper

Micrometer screw gauge

Burette - Volume 50 cm3

Pipette - volume 5, 15, 20,25 ml

HAZARD WARNING SYMBOLS

poisonous Mercury

Alcohol

Concentrated acid or alkali

Chlorofom , bromine vapour

Sodium , hydrogen

Uranium, plutonium

Scientific investigation

Continue

iii. State the relationship between the time taken for the Blanket to dry and the surface area of the blanket. . .

Investigation what affects the swing of a pendulum Apparatus and Materials Metal bob, string, Meter rule, retot stand and stopwatch. Determining Does the length of pendulum affect the swing of the pendulum. Planning the experiment 1.Displace the metal bob through the small angel and let it go and start the stop watch. 2. Stop the stopwatch after 20 complete swing 3.Record the time. 4.Repeat steps above by using different length Observation Length (cm) 20 40 60 80
One complete swing

Time for 20 complete swing

Y X

Conclusion

1.Pendulum has takes a longer time when the string is longer and takes a short times when string is shorter 2.Pendulum is faster when string is shorter

DAY

PHYSICAL QUANTITIES AND THEIR UNITS

DATE

1. We measure these quantities in SI units. SI means International of system 2. Five basic quantities and their SI units

Basic quantities (symbol) Length Mass

Weight

SI units (symbol)
Meter (m) Kilogram (kg) Newton (N) Second (s) Kelvin (K) Ampere ( A )

Time Temperature Electric current

Temperature units 0 C = 273 K 37 C = 310K 100 C = 373K

DAY

DATE

THE CONCEPT OF WEIGHT AND MASS

What is the different between weight and mass

weight Definition Unit SI Instrument to measure

mass

Pull of the Earth / gravity

Newton

Quantity of matter Kilogram (Kg)

Electronik balance level balance

(N)

Spring balance

Triple beam balance

DAY

Activity

DATE

Measuring the weight and the mass of some objects Appratus and Materials : Triple beam balance, Spring balance, weight of 10 g,20 g, and any object in laboratory. Procedure : 1.Put a 10 g weight on a triple beam balance to measure its mass. 2. Repeat step 1 with other weight and object 3. Measure the weight of all the weight and object with spring balance .

Precaution :
Use only suitable objects so that you do not damage the spring balance Record your result in the table
Object A B rubber Watch pen Mass Weight

level balance

Conclution :

DATE : MEASURING LENGTHS A. B. Investigating the relationship between units of length Learning the correct method of taking reading from the scale of a meter rule

straight line

Apparatus and materials: Meter rule

Figure 1.10

figure 1.11

Procedure 1. Look at your meter rule

a. How many centimeters(cm) in 1 meter (m) b. How many milimeters (mm) are there in 1 centimeters (cm) C.How many milimeters (mm) are there in 1meter (m)
2. How long is PQ in cm and mm ( Figure 1.11 ) a. PQ in cm b. PQ in mm

figure 1.12

3. Which Eye position gives you an accurate reading (figure 1.12)

Measuring the lengths of straight lines by using a ruler Apparatus and Materials : Meter rule Perocedure :

DATE :

A C

1.Mesure the length of straight line in figure 1.13. 2.Record your measurements in the table below

Figure 1.13

Straight line
A B C

Length Milimeter (mm) Centimeter (cm) Meter (m)

DAY

DATE 3.Measuring the length and the width of your table , length and width of the blackboard
Quantities Table Black board Length Width Length Measurement 1 Measurement 2 Measurement 3

Average

Width

4.Repeat your measurement and get the average reading . Why do you need the average reading?

Activity: Measure the length of a curved line Apparatus and materials : 20 cm thread and ruler

DATE :

Procedure 1. Make a knot at one of the thread 2. Put the knot on one end of the curved line. 3. Trace the thread on the curved until it reaches the other end of the line 4. Measure the length of the thread 5.Record the measurement in a table

Curved line AB PQ

Length 1

Length 2

Length 3

Average

DAY

DATE

DAY:

DATE: Activity: Measuring diameter by using calipers and ruler Apparatus and Materials : Internal calipers, external calipers , ruler, test tube ,beakers 100 ml and 200 ml. Procedure : 1. Open the arms of external calipers. Then close the arms until touch the wall of the test tube. 2.Remove the calipers slowly and measure using the ruler.

3. By the using the same method. Measure the external diameter beakers 100ml and 250ml internal calipers 4. Repeat your measurement using the internal calipers external calipers 5. Record all of your measurement

DAY

DATE

External Diameter Apparatus Test tube Reading 1 Reading 2 Average Reading 1

Internal Diameter Reading 2 Average

Beakers 100ml
Beakers 250ml

DAY

MEASURING AREA a. Measuring the area of a regular shape b. Measuring the area of an irregular shape Procedure: 1.Look at the square ABCD and PQRS and the rectangle WXYZ ( figure 1.21 in teks book)

a. What is area, in square milimeter (mm ) , of a small square in ABCD? 2 b.What is the total area of all the small square inside ABCD in i. Square milimeter (mm ) ? ii. Square centimeter (cm )? c.How many square of ABCD can we put into PQRS? d.What is the area of PQRS in i. Square milimeter (mm )? ii. Square centimeter (cm )? e. How many square of ABCD can we put into WXYZ? f. What is the area of WXYZ in i.Square milimeter (mm )? Ii.Square centimeter (cm )?

2.Put the leaf on a piece of graph paper. Trace its shape onto the graph paper.

3.Tick (

) each square that is shape of the leaf. And also tick ( ) the square half covered by the leaf i. How many tick ( ) did you make? Ii. Can you estimate the area of the leaf?

DAY

DATE: C. MEASURING VOLUME 1. We use measuring cylinders, burettes and pipettes to measure volume 2. Volume of liquid in millimeter (ml) and centimeter (cm )
3

Activity

Measuring the volume of liquid with a measuring cylinders

Apparatus and materials Measuring cylinders, test tube, white paper and beakers of different volumes
Procedure 1. pour some water into measuring cylinders and look at the surface of the water

white paper

a. if the surface of the water curved or flat? b. Which is the correct eye position when taking a reading c. what is the volume of the water 2. Pour the water in the test tube into the measuring cylinders. Record you result 3. Repeat step 2 using water in the beakers. 4. Record all the reading in the table

DAY
subtance Test tube 1 Test tube 2 Beakers A Beakers B Volume (unit)

DATE

DAY:

Measuring the volume of liquid with a pipette

DATE

Apparatus pipette, conical flask, suction pump , coloured water and beakers
suction pump

Procedure 1.Look at scale on a pipette i. What is the maximun volume that the pipette can measure? ii. Where is the position of the zero mark? 2.Fill a conical flask with some coloured water. Dip the tip of the pipette into the coloured water. 3. Using the suction pump, suck out the coloured water until it reached it the zero mark. Place the tip of the pipette into empty beakers. Let the coloured water flow out of the pipette

HOW TO USE TE SUCTION PUMP

Press

Press Press

Press

Press

Water out

DAY:

Measuring the volume of liquid with a burette

apparatus Burette, retort stand, beaker, filter funnel clamp

Procedure 1.Look at the burette i. What the maximun volume that the burette can measure? ii. Where is the zero mark? 2.Clamp the burette to the retort stand. 3.Put the filter funnel into the mouth of the burette. 4.Pour some water until the water level to the zero mark 5.Place the empty beaker below the burette 6.Turn the burette tap to release the water.When the water nears a level 20ml turn of the tap 7.Turn on the tap slowly to let the water drop by drop . Turn off the tap when the water level reaches 20ml 8.Repeat to get 15ml, 10ml, 5ml of water.

DAY Teusday

Measuring the volume of an irregular and regular shaped solid by the water displacement method Apparatus 100ml measuring cylinder, thread, a small stone, big stone,

DATE:

Procedure a. Volume of an irregular shaped solid 1. Pour 50 ml of water into measuring cylinder. 2.Tie a small stone with a thread and lower into measuring cylinder 3.record the new water level i. What is the volume of the water displaced by the stone? Ii. What is the volume of the stone 4.Find out the volume of other irregular shape 5.Record your result

solid Water Small stone Big stone plasticine

volume Water + solid

Volume of water displacement

Volume of solid

Ingat Mu Pondan

Cantik Comel Aku Minat weh

1. Baca Surah Al-`Ashr

Penutup

2. Tasbih Kifarah.