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HSDPA Principles and configuration


BSC6810V200R011
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Main features
RAN5.0 HSDPA Phase 1 Max rate 1.8Mbps/user Max user no. 16/cell Basic admission control CAC/LDR/Schedule based on GBR RNC controlled dynamic code allocation NodeB-controlled dynamic code allocation Multi RAB1CS + 2PS) RAN5.1 HSDPA Phase 2 Max rate 3.6Mbps/user RAN6 HSDPA Phase 3 Max rate 7.2Mbps/user Max user no. 64/cell HSDPA over Iur SRB over HSPA RAN10 Max rate 14.4Mbps/user

VOIP over HSPA

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Upon completion of this course, you will be

able to: Relevant principles of HSDPA Features of HSDPA Relevant data configuration of HSDPA

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Chapter 1 HSDPA Principle Chapter 2 HSDPA signaling procedure Chapter 3 HSDPA radio resource management Chapter 4 HSDPA data configuratioin

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Introduction
Higher downlink peak transmission rate: up to 14.4 Mbit/s
More efficient downlink codes and power utilization: for macro

cell coverage, the capacity is 50% higher; for micro cell coverage, the capacity is 200%300% or higher

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Realization of the HSDPA


UTRAN side:

MAC-hs and HSDPA physical layer processing HS-DSCH FP between the SRNC, CRNC, and NodeB for user plane data transmission
CN side:

PS domain needs to support higher rate of service assignment and user plane transmission and switching
DTCH DCCH DTCH DCCH

MAC-d

MAC-d

MAC-hs

MAC-hs

HS-DSCH FP

HS-DSCH FP

PHY

PHY

TNL

TNL

UE

Uu

NodeB

Iub

CRNC/SRNC

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MAC_hs
MAC-d flows MAC-hs Scheduling/Priority handling
Priority Queue distribution Priority Queue distribution

Priority Queue

Priority Queue

Priority Queue

Priority Queue

MAC Control

HARQ entity

TFRC selection

Associated Uplink Signalling

HS-DSCH

Associated Downlink Signalling

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MAC_hs
Flow Control:

This function is intended to limit layer 2 signalling latency and reduce discarded and retransmitted data as a result of HS-DSCH congestion. Flow control is provided independently by MAC-d flow for a given MAC-hs entity.
Scheduling/Priority Handling:

This function manages HS-DSCH resources between HARQ entities and data flows according to their priority. Based on status reports from associated uplink signalling either new transmission or retransmission is determined. Further it determines the Queue ID and TSN for each new MAC-hs PDU being serviced. A new transmission can be initiated instead of a pending retransmission at any time to support the priority handling.
HARQ:

One HARQ entity handles the hybrid ARQ functionality for one user. One HARQ entity is capable of supporting multiple instances (HARQ process) of stop and wait HARQ protocols. There shall be one HARQ process per HS-DSCH per TTI.
TFRC selection:

Selection of an appropriate transport format and resource for the data to be transmitted on HS-DSCH
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HSDPA Physical Channel


HS-PDSCH: High Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel

The HS-PDSCH is used to carry downlink service data. The spreading factor of the HS-PDSCH can be 16 only. Each cell can provide at most 15 HS-PDSCHs whose codes must be continuous.

When a cell provides 15 HS-PDSCHs, the maximum rate reaches 14.4


Mbit/s. The HS-PDSCH adopts the QPSK or 16QAM modulation mode

In RAN11 supporting HSPA+, 64QAM/MIMO is supported

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HSDPA Physical Channel


HS-SCCH: High Speed Shared Control Channel

The HS-SCCH carries downlink control information. It is used to notify the UE of the information about the HS-PDSCH, including modulation mode, size of a transmission block, version redundant information, UE ID and HS-PDSCH channel code. HS-SCCH is aligned with the PCCPCH in timing and keeps fixed time offset with the HS-PDSCH. Its spreading factor is fixed as 128 and QPSK is the only modulation mode. The number of HS-SCCHs (128 at most) and the channel codes in the cell are decided by RNC, which notifies NodeB through the NBAP signaling message. The UE can detect one to four HS-SCCHs specified by the NodeB at one time

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HSDPA Physical Channel


HS-DPCCH: High Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel

The HS-DPCCH is used to carry the uplink feedback information related to the downlink HS-PDSCH, including ACK/NACK and CQI. The spreading factor of the HS-DPCCH is fixed as 256.
T slot = 2560 chips HARQ-ACK 2Tslot = 5120 chips CQI

One HS-DPCCH subframe (2 ms)

Subframe #0

Subframe #i One radio frame Tf = 10 ms

Subframe #4

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SRB over HSPA F-DPCH


The F-DPCH carries control information generated at layer 1 (TPC

commands). It is a special case of the downlink DPCCH. The following figure shows the frame structure of the F-DPCH.
Each frame of length 10 ms is split into 15 slots, each of length timeslot

= 2560 chips, corresponding to one power-control period.


512 chips
(Tx OFF) TPC NTPC bits (Tx OFF)

Tslot = 2560 chips

Slot #0

Slot #1

Slot #i 1 radio frame: Tf = 10 ms

Slot #14

Figure 12B: Frame structure for F-DPCH

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SRB over HSPA F-DPCH


Through time division multiplexing of one SF256 F-DPCH channel

code by multiple UEs, the channel code resources and power resources of a cell can be saved, and the system capacity can be improved.
Each UE occupies only one symbol in each slot to carry the TPC

command. The Pilot domain and TFCI are removed.


P-CCPCH frame TPC TPC TPC TPC TPC TPC TPC TPC TPC TPC TPC TPC TPC offset256chip UE1 0 UE2 UE3 UE4 UE5 UE6 UE7 UE8 UE9 UE10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

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HSDPA Channel Mapping


HS-DSCH: High Speed Downlink Shared Channel Traffic classes supported by the HS-DSCH
Traffic classes Description The switch [PS_STREAMING_ON_HSDPA_SWITCH] decides the streaming service on the HS-DSCH. When the switch is on, the streaming service is mapped to the HSDSCH. When the switch is off, the streaming service is mapped to the DPCH. The generic term for these two services is BE service. The BE services are mapped to the HS-DSCH whenever possible.

Streaming

Interactive Background

SET CORRMALGOSWITCH: HspaSwitch=PS_STREAMING_ON_E_DCH_SWITCH1&PS_STREAMING_ON_HSDPA_SWITCH-1; SET FRC: UlStrThsOnHsupa=D32, UlBeTraffThsOnHsupa=D64;

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HS-DSCH Mapping to HSDPA channel

F-DPCH

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HSPDA Physical Channel Timing Relationship

10 ms

P-CCPCH
3 slots = 2 ms

Radio frame with (SFN modulo 2) = 0

Radio frame with (SFN modulo 2)=1

HS-SCCH Subframe #0 Subframe #1 Subframe #2 Subframe #3 Subframe #4


3 slots = 2 ms

HS-PDSCH
2 slots

Subframe #0 Subframe #1 Subframe #2 Subframe #3 Subframe #4


15 slots = 10 ms

DPCH

Slot Slot Slot Slot Slot Slot Slot Slot Slot Slot Slot Slot Slot Slot Slot

DPCH

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HSDPA Key Technology


2 ms TTI Link adaptation through HARQ AMC in the physical layer Mac-hs scheduling

HSDPA flow control

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HSDPA Key Technology


2 ms TTI

Faster data scheduling Faster data transmission Shorter delay

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HSDPA Key Technology


HARQ Technology:

the HARQ is combination of the Forward Error Correction (FEC) and ARQ
Coding combination
Chase Combining

Description
Retransmit the same bit set Retransmit different bit sets

Comparison
The second mode is better in that the combination of the retransmitted bit set and the former bit set raises the redundant data and the possibility of recovery from errors at the air interface.

Increment Redundancy

Every HSDPA user has an HARQ entity on both the UE and NodeB sides, each having up to six HARQ processes.
HS-SC HS-PDS HS-SC HS-PDS

HARQ process 1

12ms or more HS-SC HS-PDS HS-SC HS-PDS

HARQ process 2

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12ms or more

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HSDPA Key Technology


AMC Technology:

The UE reports the CQI to the NodeB through the HS-DPCCH and the NodeB selects coding rate and modulation mode according to the radio environment indicated by the CQI
The condition of the radio environment Good ( The UE is near the NodeB) Poor (The UE is at the boarder of the cell or there is a sever attenuation)

Modulation and rate High order modulation (for example, 16QAM/64QAM) High coding rate Low order modulation (for example, QPSK) Low coding rate

Result

High peak rate

High communication quality

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HSDPA Key Technology


HSDPA Scheduling Algorithm :
Algorithm Max C/I Description Allocates resources to the UE with the best channel conditions at each TTI, maximizing the cell throughput. Allocates resources to the UE with the longest waiting time, Users time fairness is guaranteed but the cell throughput is low. Allocates resources to the UE according to the radio condition and the achieved data rate. The higher the CQI is, the more the opportunity of the user being scheduled. The lower the achieved data rate is, the more the user can be scheduled. The PF scheduling algorithm is a trade-off between the fairness and the cell throughput. Guarantees the GBR requirement of the streaming service and the BE service. The GBR of BE service is configured by RNC LMT and NodeB LMT, which means that if the BE service achieve the GBR, the BE user is satisfied.

Round Robin

Proportional Fair (PF)

EPF

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HSDPA Key Technology


HSDPA Scheduling Algorithm :

MML Commands: NodeB Side SET MACHSPARA: SM=EPF;; SET MACHSSPIPARA:; RNC side SET USERPRIORITY SET SCHEDULEPRIOMAP:; SET USERGBR:;

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HSDPA Flow Control


HS-DSCH Capacity Request

The HS-DSCH Capacity Request procedure provides means for the CRNC to request HS-DSCH capacity by indicating the user buffer size in the CRNC for a given priority level

bit7

bit 0

Number of Octets 1 1 Payload 1 0-32

Node B

SRNC

Spare bits 7-4


CAPACITY REQUEST

CmCH-PI

User Buffer Size User Buffer Size (cont) Spare Extension

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HSDPA Flow Control


HS-DSCH Capacity Allocation procedure

It may be generated either in response to a HS-DSCH Capacity Request or at any other time
7 Spare bits 7-4 CmCH-PI 0

Maximum MAC-d PDU Length


Node B SRNC

Maximum MAC-d PDU Length (cont)

HS-DSCH Credits

CAPACITY ALLOCATION

HS-DSCH Credits (cont) HS-DSCH Interval HS-DSCH Repetition Period Spare Extension

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HSDPA Flow Control in RAN10


Flow control is implemented in both RNC and NodeB

On the NodeB, use adaptive flow control and traffic shaping to avoid congestion on the Iub interface. On the RNC, use VP shaping and backpressure to avoid congestion on the Iub interface.

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HSDPA Flow Control in RAN10


Flow control in NodeB

Bandwidth allocation for UE queues

A NodeB allocates the bandwidth on the Iub interface for each MAC-hs queue according to the buffering status of the queue and the rate on the Uu interface.
If the queue lacks data, the bandwidth allocated by the NodeB is higher than the rate on the Uu interface. If the queue contains sufficient data, the bandwidth allocated by the NodeB is close to the rate on the Uu interface. If the queue contains excessive data, the bandwidth allocated by the NodeB is lower than the rate on the Uu interface.

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HSDPA Flow Control in RAN10


Flow control in NodeB

Traffic shaping on Iub interface

During bandwidth allocation, guaranteed bit rate (GBR) UEs are preferred. Then, the remaining bandwidth is allocated according to the UE priority, that is, SPI weight proportionally
When there is a severe lack of bandwidth, and the bandwidth cannot meet requirements of all the GBR UEs, the GBR UEs with high priority are preferred

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HSDPA Flow Control in RAN10


Flow control in NodeB

Adaptive flow control on Iub interface

If the frame loss rate in the HS-DSCH is beyond the threshold, or the jitter of the HS-DSCH frames within a period of time exceeds the delay threshold, the bandwidth for the HSDPA service on the Iub interface is reduced. If the frame loss rate in the HS-DSCH is lower than the threshold, or the jitter of the HS-DSCH frames within a period of time is lower than the delay threshold, the bandwidth for the HSDPA service on the Iub interface is increased

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HSDPA Flow Control in RAN10


Flow control in NodeB

MML Commands:

SET HSDPAFLOWCTRLPARA: SWITCH=BW_SHAPING_ONOFF_TOGGLE

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HSDPA Flow Control in RAN10


Flow control in RNC

VP shaping and backpressure

Flow control and backpressure based on RLC retransmission rate


VP backpressure on virtual port in RNC of V210 and V110 MML commands: SET PORTFLOWCTRLSWITCH ADD VP

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Chapter 1 HSDPA Principle Chapter 2 HSDPA signaling procedure Chapter 3 HSDPA radio resource management Chapter 4 HSDPA data configuratioin

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HSDPA resource allocation


CRNC
PHYSICAL SHARED CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION REQUEST

Node B

PHYSICAL SHARED CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION RESPONSE

IE/Group Name HS-PDSCH and HSSCCH Total Power

Presence O

Range

IE Type and Reference Maximum Transmission Power9.2.1.40 DL Scrambling Code 9.2.2.13

Semantics Description Maximum transmission power.to be allowed for HS-PDSCH and HS-SCCH codes Scrambling code on which HSPDSCH and HS-SCCH is transmitted. 0= Primary scrambling code of the cell 115 = Secondary scrambling code

HS-PDSCH and HSSCCH Scrambling Code

HS-PDSCH FDD Code Information HS-SCCH FDD Code Information

0..1 0..1

9.2.2.18F 9.2.2.18G

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User HSDPA channel setup


HSDPA channel setup procedure is the same as DCH setuponly the

signaling contains IE for HSDPA channel


UE RADIO BEARER SETUP UTRAN

RADIO BEARER SETUP COMPLETE

CRNC

Node B

RADIO LINK RECONFIGURATION PREPARE

RADIO LINK RECONFIGURATION READY

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HSDPA channel setup signaling examples (over Iur)


UE Node B Drift RNC 1. RL Reconfig Prepare RNSAP Serving RNC RNSAP 2. RL Reconfig Prepare NBAP 3. RL Reconfig Ready NBAP NBAP 4. RL Reconfig Ready RNSAP RNSAP NBAP

RNSAP 6. RL Reconfig Commit NBAP NBAP

5. RL Reconfig Commit RNSAP

ALCAP Iub Trans. Bearer Setup 7. DCCH: Radio Bearer Reconfiguration RRC 8. DCCH: Radio Bearer Reconfiguration Complete RRC 10. HS-DSCH Capacity Request
HS-DSCH-FP

ALCAP Iur Trans. Bearer Setup

RRC

RRC 9. HS-DSCH Capacity Request


HS-DSCH-FP HS-DSCH FP

11. HS-DSCH Capacity Alloc


HS-DSCH-FP

12. HS-DSCH Capacity Alloc.


HS-DSCH-FP HS-DSCH-FP

13. Data transfer

15. Shared control channel MAC-hs MAC-hs

16. Data transfer

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Chapter 1 HSDPA Principle Chapter 2 HSDPA signaling procedure Chapter 3 HSDPA radio resource management Chapter 4 HSDPA data configuratioin

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HSDPA Power Allocation


In v1.8

The MML command is:ADD CELLHSDPA: HspaPower=430; The power allocated for HSPA channels cannot exceed the value of HspaPower, the downlink channel includes the HS-PDSCH, HS-SCCH, E-AGCH, E-RGCH and E-HICHl.
In V2.10

The MML command is ADD CELLHSDPA: AllocCodeMode=Manual, HspaPower=0, CodeAdjForHsdpaSwitch=ON;;

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HSDPA Power Allocation


HSDPA Dynamic Power Resources Allocation

Except reserving for the common channels, the rest power resources of the cell are allocated dynamically between the DPCH and HSPA DL physical channels. After allocating power to DPCH and E-HICH , EAGCH, E-RGCH, the rest power is allocated to HS-SCCH and HSPDSCH. The power allocated for HSPA cannot exceed the value of the HS-PDSCH, HS-SCCH, E-AGCH, E-RGCH and E-HICH Total Power. MML Commands: ADD CELLHSDPA: AllocCodeMode=Manual, HspaPower=0; SET MACHSPARA: PWRMGN=10; (NodeB)

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HSDPA Codes Allocation


V1.7

Static Allocation RNC controlled dynamic alloction

V1.8 and V2.10 Static allocation RNC-controlled dynamic allocation NodeB-controlled dynamic allocation

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HSDPA Codes Allocation


HSDPA Codes Allocation

Static Allocation In static allocation, the RNC reserves some codes for the HSPDSCH. The DPCH and other common channels use the rest

Code reserved for common channel

Codes available for DPCH

Codes reserved for HS-PDSCH

SF=16

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HSDPA Codes Allocation


Static Allocation example
SF=256 SF=128 C(256,0): PCPICH 0 SF=64 C(256,1): PCCPCH 0 C(256,2): AICH 1 SF=32 C(256,3): PICH 0 SF=16 C(64,1):SCCPCH 1 0 C(64,2):SCCPCH 2 1 SF=8 C(128,6):HS-SCCH 1 0 3 SF=4 1 0 C(128,7):HS-SCCH 2 1 1

suppose RNC is configured with:

2 HS-SCCH 2 HS-PDSCH

2 3

6 SF=16 C(16,14):HS-PDSCH 2 7 C(16,15):HS-PDSCH 1

CCH HSDPA DCH

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HSDPA Codes Allocation


RNC-Controlled Dynamic Allocation

In the RNC-controlled dynamic allocation, the RNC adjusts the reserved HS-PDSCH codes according to the real-time usage status of the codes Configure the maximum and minimum numbers of codes available for HS-PDSCH on the RNC OMC.The codes between the two parameters are called shared codes

Code reserved for common channel SF=16

Shared codes

Max number of codes Codes available for DPCH

Min number of codes Codes reserved for HS- PDSCH

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HSDPA Codes Allocation


RNC-Controlled Dynamic Allocation

Extending the codes reserved for the HS-PDSCH


If in cell's code tree there is at least one code can be reserved and this code's SF is equal to or less than the Cell SF reserved threshold, NodeB will try to increase HS-PDSCH code number.

Code reserved for common channel +HS-SCCH SF=16

Shared codes

RNC extends the codes reserved for HS-PDSCH

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HSDPA Codes Allocation


RNC-Controlled Dynamic Allocation

Reducing the codes reserved for HS-PDSCH


When allocating the code resources triggered by radio link setup, the RNC will reallocate one of the shared codes reserved for HS-PDSCH to DPCH if the minimum SF among free codes is larger than the Cell SF reserved threshold.

Code reserved for common channel +HS-SCCH SF=16

Shared codes

RNC reduces the codes reserved for HS-PDSCH

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HSDPA Codes Allocation


RNC-Controlled Dynamic Allocation

In v1.7, the Cell SF reserved threshold is configure with command:


ADD CELLHSDPA: AllocCodeMode=Automatic, RevSFThd=SF16;

In v1.8 and V2.10, the Cell SF reserved threshold is configure with command:
ADD CELLLDR: CellSfResThd=SF16;

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HSDPA Codes Allocation


NodeB-Controlled Dynamic Allocation

NodeB-controlled dynamic allocation allows the NodeB to use the HSPDSCH codes that are statically allocated by the RNC. Besides, the NodeB can dynamically allocate the idle codes of the current cell to the HS-PDSCH channel SET MACHSPARA: DYNCODESW=OPEN; This codes allocation has better performance then RNC controlled dynamic code allocation, so it is recommended to open this function and disable the RNC controlled allocation in RAN10 and later version

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HSDPA Cell Admission Control


HSDPA UE Admission control

The admission decision based on the power resources The admission decision based on the Iub transmission resources The admission decision based on the number of UEs

Only all the 3 aspects passed, then the user may be admitted.

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HSDPA Cell Admission Control


HSDPA UE Admission control

ADD CELLALGOSWITCH: NBMCacAlgoSwitch=HSDPA_ADCTRL1&HSUPA_ADCTRL-1&HSDPA_GBP_MEAS1&HSDPA_PBR_MEAS-1; ADD CELLCAC: CellId=65533, UlOtherThd=60, DlCellTotalThd=90, HsdpaStrmPBRThd=70, HsdpaBePBRThd=30, MaxHSDSCHUserNum=64;

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HSDPA Channel Switch


Channel type transition after introducing the HSDPA
UE state transition CELL_DCH (with HS-DSCH) CELL_DCH CELL_DCH (with HS-DSCH) CELL_FACH Channel switching HS-DSCH DCH HS-DSCH FACH

Channel Switching between HS-DSCH and FACH

UE will be switched from the HS-DSCH to the FACH to reduce occupation of the DPCH when the following conditions are met.
The HS-DSCH carries the BE service or the PS streaming service for the UE. There is no data flow of any of the services for a certain length of time, which is set to BE HS-DSCH to FACH transition timer for BE service or Realtime Traff DCH to FACH transition timer for realtime service When the data flow gets more active, the UE is switched from the FACH to the HSDSCH.

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HSDPA Channel Switch


Channel Switching between HS-DSCH and DCH

The switching from DCH to HS-DSCH can be triggered by mobility management, the traffic volume or the timer. While the switching from HS-DSCH to DCH can only be triggered by mobility management
Triggered by mobility management Triggered by traffic volume When the service is suitable to be carried on HSDPA and the UE supports HSDPA but the service is actually mapped onto the DCH (for some reasons such as the UE is rejected to access a HSDPA cell by CAC Algorithm). If the activity of the H UE that performs data services increases and the RNC receives the report of the 4a event, the H UE will try to switch from DCH to HS-DSCH

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HSDPA Channel Switch


Channel Switching between HS-DSCH and DCH

Triggered by timer When the service is suitable to be carried on HSDPA and the UE supports HSDPA but the service is actually mapped onto the DCH (for some reasons such as the UE is rejected to access a HSDPA cell by CAC Algorithm), a timer is used to periodical attempt to map the service onto the HS-DSCH. Firstly, attempt to map onto HS-DSCH of the current cell, if failed, then attempt to map onto HSDSCH of the inter-frequency blind handover cell with the same coverage. This timer length is set to H Retry timer length.

SET COIFTIMER: HRetryTimerLen=10;

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HSDPA Mobility Management


A UE may have two connections with the network after introducing the HSDPA

Connection

Handover A UE can keep only one HSDPA connection with the network at a time. The HSDPA handover includes:

HSDPA
connection

Intra frequency handover Inter frequency handover Inter-rat handover

DPCH connection

Similar to the R99 system handover, the DPCH handover includes soft handover, hard handover and inter-RAT handover.

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HSDPA Mobility Management


Intra frequency handover

For HSDPA connections, HS-DSCH does not support softhandover, usually the handover is a process of serving HSDPA cell change which is triggered by 1D event report.
Inter frequency handover

Generally, the hard handover and the serving HSDPA cell change take place at the same time
Inter system handover

The procedure is very similar to R99 service inter-rat handover. If the compressed mode is disabled by command: SET CMCF: HsdpaCMPermissionInd=FALSE;, then the UE should fall back to DCH and then make a 3G to 2G hard handover.

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Chapter 1 HSDPA Principle Chapter 2 HSDPA signaling procedure Chapter 3 HSDPA radio resource management Chapter 4 HSDPA data configuratioin

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Setup HSDPA Cell

DSP LICENSE:; to check the HSDPA service is enabled. Confirm that R99 cell has been configured by LST CELL:; On the basis of R99 cell data, setup HSDPA cell:

Execute MML command: ADD CELLHSDPA:


AllocCodeMode=Automatic, CodeAdjForHsdpaSwitch=ON; ACT CELLHSDPA:; to activate the HSDPA function

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Increase AAL2Path for HSDPA Service


In RAN10 and earlier version:

ADD AAL2PATH: PAT=HSPA_NRT; ADD IPPATH: TFT=HSPA_NRT;


In RAN11

ADD IPPATH: ITFT=IUB, TRANST=IP, PATHT=AFxx/BE/EF ADD AAL2PATH: AAL2PATHT=HSPA/R99/SHARE

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