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Power On
POST
INIT
Normal IPL
AIX Startup on itanium- based System
IBM POWER processor Intel Itanium – based
processor
Setup
Low level EFI Boot Manager
SMS / bootlist
configuration
AIX initialization
alog
User Applications Boot Process NIM Install Process
Alog program
/var/adm/ras/bootlog
/var/adm/ras/Bosmenus.log
Use alog
/var/adm/ras/nosinst.data
command to
view logs .
.
To view the boot log: /var/adm/ras/erriog
#alog –o –t boot
System Resource Controller
•Provides a single interface to control subsystems
Predefined Database
Undefined Supported
Device
rmdev -dl
rmdev -dl
2. Answer
-CD – ROM
-04 – C0-00 – 3,0
1.Who are you
cfgmgr Device
Driver
4a) Load device driver
4b) Make /dev/cd0
entry
ODM 3.cd0 defined
Cd0 Device
Kernel Driver
Defined /unix
22
04-c0-00-3,0
ODM
# ls –l /dev/cd0
Cd0 Br—r—r– root System 22, 2 /dev/cd0
Available
5.Device available
04-c0-00-3,0
Location Code Format for SCSI
Devices
AB – CD – EF – G , H
System Unit
04-01-00-4,0
6
SCSI Bus
04-01
0 SCSI ID
Traditional UNIX Disk Storage
Partition 1
Partition 3
Partition 2
Free space
Free space
PROBLEMS:
•Fixed partitions
•Expanding size of the partition
•Limitation on size of a file system and a file
•Contguous data requirement
•Time and effort required in planning ahead
Benefits of the LVM
Volume PV1
Group A
PP1
PP2 Physical
Physical
Partitions 4MB
PP3
PP4
Volume
is Default size PP5
/dev/hdiskn
1016 max per PP.
PV PP.
Volume Groups
rootvg
datavg
PV1
PV2 PV3
New PVs:
•Add to existing VGs
•Create new VG PV4
Why create new volume groups?
•Separate user data from operating system
files
•Disaster recovery
•Data portability
•Data integrity and security
Volume Group Descriptor Area
Three disk or more
Two disk VG VG
One disk VG
VGDA
VGDA
VGDA VGDA
VGDA VGDA VGDA
VGDA VGDA
Max size
Normal VG-32 PVs
Big Vg-128 PVs
Volume Group Limits
Normal Volume Groups (mkvg)
Number of disks: Max.number of partitions/disk
1 32512
2 16257
4 8128
8 4046
16 2032
32 1016
1 130048
2 65024
4 32512
8 16256
16 8128
32 4064
64 2032
128 1016
Uses of Logical Volumes
(root)
home sbin lib lpp usr bin dev tftpboot var mnt etc tmp
hd9var hd3
hd1 hd2
Volume Group
PV PV
Synchronization
Hot Spare
Mirroring
Hdisk() Lv00
Hdisk1
Hdisk2
PP1
Third Copy
PP2
Mirror Write Consistency
Read
Request
Copy 1
Copy 2 Copy 3
Forced Synhronization
E M C M E
Ineer Edge
Ineer Middle Inter-physical volume allocation policy:
Center •Maximum number of PVs to use
Outer Middle (Middle)
•Range of PVs to use
Center Edge (Edge)
Migrating Physical Partitions
I/O
Less Busy
Busy Disk
Disk
inodes
Indirect Blocks
Data Blocks
• Superblock
1. File System size and identification
2. Free list, fragment size, nbpi • Blocks
• Inodes 1. Data blocks –contain data
2. Indirect blocks –contain pointers to data
1. File size, ownership, permissions, times blocks.
2. Pointers to data blocks
Structure of an Inode
Fragmentation Enabled
File size = 2000 bytes 2000 bytes
Fragment size = 1024
1024 1024 1024 1024
bytes
File System
1
128 bytes
2
File System
16 MB
Disk blocks
inodes
64 MB
JFS vs.JFS2 File Systems
JFS JPS2
Fsync()
1) Inode changes to log
3 2) COMMIT to log
2
3) Update inode
4) Sync log
inodes 4
Data
block JFSLOG
No journaling of data blocks –only journals inode information (and indirect block
information.)
Space Management
File system expand upon notice, not
automatically
To keep from running in to problems :
Monitor file system growth
Determine cause
Control growing files
Manage file system space usage
Control user disk usage
Defragment file system
Control Growing Files
/var/adm/wtmp
/var/spool/*/*
$HOME/smit.log
$HOME/smit/script
$HOME/websm.log
$HOME/websm.script
/etc/security/failedlogin
/var/adm/sulog
Skulker
The skulker command cleans up file system by removing
unwanted or obsolete files
Candidate files include ( can use file aging as criteria ):
Those in /temp directory
A.out file
Core files
Ed.hup files
RAM Usage
Current applications
Total =248 MB
RAM Usage
4KB 4KB
Paging Space
Paging Space Placement
•Only one paging space per disk
•Use disks with the least activity
•Paging spaces roughly the same size
•Do not extend paging space to multiple PV’s
•Use multiple disk controllers
hd6 paging00
Paging01
AIX Product Offerings
AIX
Expansion Pack
Bonus Pack
LPPs
AIX Documentation
AIX Toolbox for Linux
Packaging Definitions
Collection of Packages
LOO:
Complete Product
bos
Bos.terminfo.print.data
Message Convention:
LPP.msg[.lang].package.fileset
Software Updates
5 . 1 . 0 . 0
Committed
Install
5.1.0.0 Committed
Fileset 5.1.0.0
Why Backup?
•Data is very important:
Expensive to recreate
Can it be recreated?
•Disaster recovery:
Hardware failure
Damage due to installation/repair
Accidental deletion
•Transfer of data between systems Reorganizing file systems
•Defragmentation to improve performance
•System image for installation
•Checkpoint (befor/after upgrade)
•Long term archive
Types of Backup
Three types of backup:
System
Records image backup of the operating
system rootvg
Full backup
Incremental backup
Incremental backup
AIX Print Subsystem :
Advantages
Powerful and flexible printer drivers
System management tools
Limits fields and option validation
Easy printer customization
Single step print device and queue creation
Support for dial-in administration
Customizable spooling subsystem
System V Print Subsystem:
Advantages
File 1
File 2
File 2 :
File 3
Queue2 /dev/Ip0
File 3
File 4
File 4
/dev/Ip1
Printer Data Flow
# qprt -Pps [ -c ] file
Print Request
Queue Spool
Directory
monitors
qdaemon
Print Request
starts
Backend
( piobe ) Virtual Printer
Defination
submits file to
prienter
/ev/Ip0d
System Files Associated with
Printing