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A lift or an elevator is a transport device used to move goods or people vertically. Considered a requirement in all buildings over three stores. Minimum standard of service one lift for every four stores with a maximum distance of 45 m to the lift lobby. Floor space estimates and car capacity can be based on an area of 0.2 m2 per person.

Positioning of lift should be at locations which provide easy means of access for all building users central entrance lobby of offices, hotels, apartments, etc. Grouping of lifts is essential for user convenience

POSSIBILITIES OF LIFT GROUPING ARRANGEMENTS 2

Lift performance depends on Acceleration Retardation Car speed Speed of door operation, and Stability of speed and performance with variations of car load

Electric/roped lifts In these elevators, the car is raised and lowered by traction steel ropes rather than pushed from below Components:
1 - Control system 2 - Electric motor 3 - Sheave 4 - Counterweight 5 - Guide rails

Lift component is divided into four main sections, namely: 1. Components in the engine room (Machine Room) 2. Components in space-skating (Hoistway). 3. Components in Car / Car Lift 4. Components outside the slide area on each floor.

Components in space machine (Machine Room) a. Control System or Control Panel (Control Cabinet)
1.

Serves to organize and conduct the work of

the lift. Good demand from outside or from inside the car recorded and processed, then gave the order to lift the move, and stop with the demand.

b. Geared Machine or Machinery Movers

In the roaring machine there is a machine

geared type actuators. On this machine, rotation of the drive motor gear until transformed by a rotation of high motor rotation can be changed to low. Maximum speed of the car lift system is geared 150mpm. In this driving machine there brakes (brake) which will work if the brake is not conducting an electric drive motor.

c. Primary Velocity Tranducer / Encoder

There is a tool to lift the machine driving

machine use for detecting rotational speed of the motor or lift.

d. governor
Governor is the safety device, wherein if the

speed of the lift exceeds the limits that have been defined, then the governor is going to work and the car will be stopped either by electrical or mechanical or.

e. Then a component that is Optional namely ARD (Automatic Rescue Drive)

That works when the power supply from PLN

sudden death and the lift will stop anywhere after more than 15 seconds then the ARD will work to carry out the elevator to the nearest floor. Once the lift reaches the floor of the elevator will automatically die. The lift will be back to normal after grid alive.

2. Components in space-skating (Hoistway) Space is skating lanes or crossings where the car is traveling up and down. This hole should be a hole closed and there is no direct relationship to the space on the outside except for two holes adjacent lift.

a. Guide Rail or Rail Driver

b. Limit Switch / Switch Border Crossing

Special steel profiles his net driver car (car) and weight balancing (Counterweight). Dimensions rail to car / car usually bigger than the rail pendulum balancer / counterweight. Guide rails are installed perpendicularly from the base of the pit was under the engine room finished.

There are two types of limit switch that is to reverse the direction of traffic (Direction switch) and final switch. Usually this component is installed on the rail car, mounted under and section of the section of the rail. Which serves to keep the car did not crash into the pit or machine room floor.

c. Vane Plate / Plate Flag

Installed in the rail car that serves to organize

train stop at the desired floor and arrange landing door opening (landing door).

d. Landing Door / Gate Landing

Consists of several parts, among other door

hanger, door sill, and door panels. Function to close the slide chamber from the outside. At the hall door security device installed in series so that when one door will not open then lift can be carried out.

. Buffer
Located in two places, namely: a set for the

car and a set of load balancer / counterweight. Serves to damp the kinetic energy of the car and counterweight weight at the time of fall.

f. Governor tensioner
Is lifting rope pulley bobble as governor

located in the pit.

3. Components in Car / Car a. Car / Car are a box where passengers board and carried up and down.

This car is directly linked to weight balancer (Counterweight) with steel rope pulley driving late in the engine room.

b. Car Door / Door

Consists of several parts, such as: door hanger, door sill, door panels and door closing mechanism regulating the open door. Function to close the car from the outside. At the doors of the car (car door) is installed with a pacifier in series with landing door / landing door when the doors open until the lift will not start.

c. COP (Car Operating Panel)

There is one or more COP. Usually located on the front side of the car (front return panel). On the panel are buttons to open the regulator knob floor and close the door.

d. Interphone

Usually located on the COP (in easy reach) that serves to hold communication (in certain circumstances) between the car, a machine (Machine Room) and control room building.

e. Alarm Buzzer

The function to indicate when full load lift or other markings.

f. Switching Box

Usually be the one with the COP. Which is located under the section of the COP is closed (which can be opened only with a special key) in which there regulator knobs.

g. Floor Indicator

Number indicator and the way the car floor. Usually located on the sight of a car door (transom) or the COP.

h. Emergency Lights or Emergency Light

Usually located on the car roof, functions to illuminate the car in an emergency (power off) the battery source.

i. Emergency exit switch (Emergency Exit Switch)

Located on the emergency door on the car,

its function to ensure that the car is not running when the door is open for the emergency rescue.

j. Safety Link
Peacekeeping tool actuating mechanism

(safety device) on a car that is linked with governors in the machine room. Function to hold the car over speed down (in an emergency).

4. Components outside the slide area or in the Hall

a. Knob Floor

b. Switch car park

Caller knob car floor / hall.

Usually located in main lobby floor near the knob (hall button) works to turn off and carry lift. Usually located in main lobby hall there for the button, serves to activate the control fireman / fireman operation. Usually located in transom or hall button on each lift. Function to find the position of each car.

c. Switch fire / Fireman Switch

d. Indicator or indicators Hall Floor

The need for building more than 3 level. Minimum lift service standards One lift for every 4 levels with a maximum distance of 45 m from the lift lobby Estimates of floor space and car lift capacity is based on breadth 0.2m/people Requirements of building by-laws, 1984 Set of non-residential buildings must be installed if the lift system than 4 storey building

 GEARED

TRACTION LIFTS GEARLESS TRACTION LIFTS HYDRAULIC LIFTS PASSENGER LIFTS

medium-rise buildings. Geared traction machines use a worm and gear between the driving motor and hoisting sheave that permit them use a smaller, cheaper, high-speed motor. This simpler motor is then geared down to provide car speed up to 137 meters (450 ft) per minutes.

Gear traction elevators are found in

Geared traction elevators are limited to a maximum rise of 107 meters (350 ft). With the appropriate drive and control system, geared traction elevators can offer almost the same high quality, accurate, smooth ride as gearless traction elevator, which we look at next.

High-rise buildings use gearless traction elevators, which can operate at 360 meters ( 1200 ft ) per minute. Gearless traction motor are powered by a motor with its shaft connected to the brake wheel and driving sheave. The elevator hoist ropes go around the sheave.

The motor must run at the same relatively low speed as the drive sheave. Gearless traction motors are used for medium and high speed elevators that run from 153 meters ( 500 ft ) per minute to 610 meters ( 2000 ft ) per minute. Gearless traction elevators are used for passenger service, where their speed makes them the first choice for taller buildings.

Gearless traction elevators provide a very smooth, high speed ride for rise above 76 meters ( 250 ft ). However , they are more expensive than geared traction elevators.

A plunger attached to the bottom of the car pusher against oil that is under pressure. Hydraulic elevators do not need penthouse. Hydraulic elevators are used for low speed, low rise applications where the construction of a plunger pit is a desirable alternative to a penthouse.

Hydraulic elevators are expensive to operation. The is no great, but is adequate for residential, merchandise, and industrial uses. Hydraulic elevators are used for office and residential building. Roped hydraulic elevators have a smoother rise, made possible because of a single moving jack section.

The architect makes the final decision on the type of elevator equipment for a building, based on the required passenger handling capacity, the trip time, and the cost. The cab and elevator lobby should be comfortably lighted and have a pleasant atmosphere.

The cars and shaftway doors pass from floor to floor, and their design reflects the architectural image of the buildings. The cab and shaftway door designs must be compatible with the variety of conditions that can occur throughout the building.

Various functions of lift doors

Vertical lift doors

Passenger and service lift doors

Hydraulic lift/elevator systems lift a car using a hydraulic ram, a fluid driven piston mounted inside a cylinder For low-rise buildings
Hydraulic lift components

The parts of lift are spread through the building from top to bottom. The landing is the part of the floor adjacent to the elevator where passengers and freight are received and discharged. The lifts rise or travel is the vertical distance traversed by elevator cab also called car from the lowest to the highest. The cab ride up and down in the elevator shaft or hoist way. Guide rails is a vertical steel track that control the travel of the lift car on the side walls of the shaft. Counterweights are rectangular cast iron blocks mounted in a steel frame and attached to the other end of the hoisting cable to counterbalance of the lift cab.

Fire-fighting lifts For rapid emergency access. The original concept was a variation within conventional passenger lift, which contained a priority break-glass key switch. This was normally at the ground floor, and when activated it brought the lift to that floor immediately.

Safety brake acts to stop an elevator if it should over speed in the down direction Door system The door system on a modern elevator includes sensors detect passengers or objects in the door opening, preventing the continued closing of the doors. More modern systems use a large number of invisible light rays to detect people or objects in the doorway and reverse or stop the doors without having to make physical contact

Emergency alarm It will sound an alarm when activated by a passenger. Emergency telephone Can serve as a link to assistance if the car should stall Emergency power systems Emergency power is available to allow movement of the elevator and evacuation of passengers. Emergency light maintains lighting for hours.

Independent fire-fighting lifts are required in offices, shops and other commercial premises exceeding 18 m in height

Typical fire-fighting accommodation in a shaft located no more than 60 m from any part of that floor level

Shared shaft fire-fighting lift the lift must be marked for that purpose only Requires specific provisions:
o 630 kg minimum duty load to accommodate fire-fighting equipment o Minimum internal dimensions of 1100 mm width, 1400 mm depth and o o o o o o

2000 mm height An emergency hatch in the car roof Manufactured from non-combustible material A two-way intercom 1 hour fire-resisting doors of 800 mm minimum width x 2 m height A maximum of 60 s capability to run the full building height Dual power supplies, one direct mains and the other an emergency generator

Fire-fighting lift shared shaft

Fire-fighting lift control diagram