PASSIVE VOICE

Active: S+V+O

Passive: S + Be + PP(V3ed) + by + O (tense) EX: My father planted this tree last year. This tree was planted by my father last year.

TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN PASSIVE VOICE

The Simple Present Tense Active: S + V(s/es) + O

Passive: S + am/is/are + PP + by + O EX: He reads b !s e"ery day.

B !s are read (by him) e"ery day.

TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN PASSIVE VOICE

The Present Continuous Tense

Active: S + am#is#are + V$in% + O Passive: S + am/is/are + ein! +PP + by + O

EX: He is &ritin% a n "el at the m ment.

' n "el is being written (by him) at the m ment.

TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN PASSIVE VOICE

The Present Per"ect Tense

Active: S + Has#Ha"e + V(ed + O Passive: S + has/have + een +PP + by + O

EX: He has )*st finished a n "el. ' n "el has just been finished (by him).

TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN PASSIVE VOICE

The Simple Past Tense

Active: S + V+ed + O Passive: S + #as/were + PP + by + O

EX: He %a"e T m a b !. ' b ! #as given t T m (by him). T m #as !iven a b ! (by him).

TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN PASSIVE VOICE

The Past Continuous Tense Active: S + &as#&ere + V$in% + O

Passive: S + #as/were + ein! + PP + by + O

EX: He &as &ritin% a letter at ,.-yesterday. ' letter #as ein! #ritten (by him).

The Past Per"ect Tense

TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN PASSIVE VOICE

Active: S + had + V(ed + O Passive: S + ha$ + een + PP + by + O

EX: He had finished his h me& r! bef re ,.-- yesterday. His h me& r! ha$ een "inishe$ (by him) bef re ,.-- yesterday.

TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN PASSIVE VOICE

The Simple Future Tense

Active: S + &ill#shall + V + O Passive: S + #ill/shall + be + PP + by + O

EX: He &ill finish the h me& r!. The h me& r! #ill e "inishe$.

TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN PASSIVE VOICE

The Future Continuous Tense

Active: S + &ill#shall + be + V$in% + O Passive: S + #ill/shall + be + bein% + PP + by + O

EX: T m &ill be . !in% l*n.h at /-.-t m rr &. 0*n.h #ill e ein! coo%e$ by T m at /-.-- t m rr &.

TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN PASSIVE VOICE

The Future Per"ect Tense

Active: S + &ill#shall + ha"e + V(ed + O Passive: S + #ill/shall + ha"e + been + PP + by + O

EX: By the end f ne1t &ee!2 he &ill ha"e

&ritten /- letters t her. By the end f ne1t &ee!2 /- letters #ill have een #ritten t her.

&o$al Ver s .an be *sed in either the present r past f rms. Active: S + MV (n t) + V + O Passive: S + MV (n t) + Be + PP + by + O EX: 3e .an4t s l"e this pr blem.

&O'AL VE(BS )&V* IN PASSIVE VOICE

This pr blem can+t e solve$.

PASSIVE VOICE ,ITH CA-SATIVE FO(&

Active: S + Has#Ha"e + O/ + V (BI)+ O+ S + 5et + O/ + V (to-infinitive) + O+ Passive: S + Has#Ha"e#5et + O+ + PP EX: My father had T m &ash his .ar. My father had his .ar &ashed by T m

OTHE( INFINITIVE CO&BINATIONS IN PASSIVE VOICE

Verbs f li!in%#l "in%#&antin%#&ishin% + Ob)e.t + infiniti"e f rm their passi"e &ith the passi"e infiniti"e. Active: S + V + O/ + t $infiniti"e + O+ Passive: S + V + O + T Be + PP EX: He &ants s me ne t ta!e ph t %raphs. He &ants ph t %raphs to e ta%en.

S*.h "erbs as 6have/let/make/hear/see/watch/feel/ observe 7 are *sed in the f ll &in% passi"e str*.t*re:

Active: S + V + O + V (BI) Passive: S + T Be + PP + t $8nfiniti"e EX: The %ra"ity ma!es thin%s dr p d &n.
Thin%s are made t dr p d &n by the %ra"ity. Note: The "erb f ll &in% 6let7 d es n t bear 6t 7 in the passi"e senten.e.

OTHE( INFINITIVE CO&BINATIONS IN PASSIVE VOICE

3ith a$vise# e!#or$er#recommen$#ur!e + 8ndire.t Ob)e.t + 8nfiniti"e + Ob)e.t2 &e ha"e t& &ays f ma!in% the passi"e " i.e. 9/:Active: S + V + O/ + t $infiniti"e + O+ Passive: S + T Be + PP + t $infiniti"e + O+ EX: He *r%ed the ; *n.il t red*.e the ta1. The ; *n.il #as ur!e$ t red*.e the ta1.

OTHE( INFINITIVE CO&BINATIONS IN PASSIVE VOICE

3ith a$vise# e!#or$er#recommen$#ur!e + 8ndire.t Ob)e.t + infiniti"e + Ob)e.t2 &e ha"e t& &ays f ma!in% the passi"e " i.e. 9+:Active: S + V + O/ + t $infiniti"e + O+ Passive: S/ + V + that + S+ + sh *ld be + PP EX: He *r%ed the ; *n.il t red*.e the ta1. He *r%ed that the ta1 shoul$ e re$uce$.

OTHE( INFINITIVE CO&BINATIONS AFTE( THE PASSIVE VE(B

'fter ac%no#le$!e#assume# elieve#claim# consi$er #estimate#"eel#"in$#%no##report# sa.#thin% #un$erstan$ <2 &e *se the infiniti"e . nstr*.ti n. Simple In"initive: if the time in the infiniti"e passi"e is the same as that f the main a.ti"e "erb.

9/:Active: S/ + V/ + that + S+ + V+ + (O) Passive: 8t + To Be + PP + that + S+ + V+ + (O) EX: Pe ple said that he &as )eal *s f her. 8t #as sai$ that he &as )eal *s f her.

9+:Active: S/ + V/ + that + S+ + V+ + (O) Passive: S+ T Be + PP + t + V+ (O) EX: Pe ple said that he &as )eal *s f her. He #as sai$ t be )eal *s f her.

Per"ect In"initive: if the time in the infiniti"e

passi"e is earlier than that f the main a.ti"e "erb. 9/:Active: S/ + V/ + that + S+ + V+ + (O)

Passive: 8t + To Be + PP + that + S+ + V+ + (O) EX: Pe ple say that he &as )eal *s f her. 8t is sai$ that he &as )eal *s f her.

9+:Active: S/ + V/ + that + S+ + V+ + (O) Passive: S+ T Be + PP + t ha"e + PP + (O) EX: Pe ple say that he &as )eal *s f her. He is sai$ t have een )eal *s f her.

OTHE( GE(-N' CO&BINATIONS IN PASSIVE VOICE

3ith a$vise#insist#propose#recommen$ #su!!est + 5er*nd + Ob)e.t Active: S + V + V$in% + O Passive: S + V + that + S + sh *ld be + PP EX: He re. mmended *sin% b*llet$pr f %lass. He re. mmended that b*llet$pr f %lass shoul$ e use$.

OTHE( GE(-N' CO&BINATIONS IN PASSIVE VOICE

Active: S + V + O + V$in% Passive: S + V + Bein% + PP + by + O EX: 8 remembered my father ta!in% me t the = . 8 remember ein! ta%en t the = by my father.

Active: S + V + T $inf + O Passive: S + V + T Be + PP + by + O EX: She started t learn En%lish > years a% . En%lish started t be learnt > years a% . Active: S + V + V$in% + O Passive: S + V + Bein% + PP + by + O EX: She started learnin% En%lish > years a% . En%lish started bein% learnt > years a% .