ADOLESCENT HEALTH

Adolescent
Youth

: 10 19
: 15 - 24

Young people : 10 -24

Adol Health Com FOGSI - 2009-11

 Physical maturing

Psychological maturing
Social maturing

Adol Health Com FOGSI - 2009-11

Importance of Adolescent Health

Developing Countries Parents of next generation. Early menarche Late marriage Urbanisation, migration Less family influence Exposure to mass media

Changes in social and sexual behaviour

Adol Health Com FOGSI - 2009-11

Adolescence is characterized by conflicts of values, emotional stress and readiness to extreme attitudes, which invariably leads to several psycho-social problems of adolescents.

 Puberty is the stage of the lifespan in which a child develops secondary sex characteristics.

The average age for girls:- 10-12 The average age for boys 12-14.

Adol Health Com FOGSI - 2009-11

Am I Normal ?
Rapid growth. . .Cause of Concern!

Adolescents have a fundamental human right to accurate and comprehensive reproductive and sexual health information.

Problems Encountered in Adolescents

Personal and social problems.
Problems of health and physical self-esteem. Sex and reproductive health problems.

Home and family related problems.

Adolescents : Some Facts and Perceptions

Adolescents between 10-19 years make up one fifth of Indias population and also a potential group for contracting HIV. Adolescent girls constitute a disproportionate (25%) portion of the 5 million abortions performed annually.

Adol Health Com FOGSI - 2009-11

 High morbidity and mortality associated with pubertal and adolescent pregnancy. Cultural practices often involve sexual abuse or exploitation, and act as barriers to responsible sexuality. Boys and girls reveal a poor understanding of their sexuality and information sources seem to be media and peers.

 Early marriage in girls

Increasing Population
STIs due to unprotected sexual activity. Alcohol use and Substance Abuse. Not aware of contraceptives.

Adol Health Com FOGSI - 2009-11

REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
Organs

Changes developing
Proper Hygenic practices.

Adol Health Com FOGSI - 2009-11

Health implications of sexual dev.

Reproductive tract infections Sexually transmitted infections Pregnancy Sexual abuse Early sexual involvement

Criminal abortions
Menstrual disorders

Adol Health Com FOGSI - 2009-11

STI
Awareness about STI is essential

Girls- Chlamydia , Neisseria

gonorrhoeae, syphilis, HSV, Trichomonas vaginalis Complication : PID Infertility Boys- urethritis . HIV awareness too is needed

Nutritional Health
The fastest growth periods of a person's life. Nutritional health during adolescence - important for supporting the growing body -for preventing future health problems.
Adol Health Com FOGSI - 2009-11

Increased nutritional needs Calories : boys- 2500-2800 Calories /day girls- 2200 Calories/day Protein- 45-60g Calcium- 1200 mg/day Iron boys- 12 mg/day 15 mg/day

Say YES to;

Milk & Milk products (Curd, Paneer)

Green vegetables, Fruits, Cereals

Soups, Juices Regular meals Balanced Diet

Teenage & Diet / Obesity

Pizza ~ Burger ~ Sandwich

Aerated drinks / Preserved Juices

Coffee / Cocktails / Mocktails French Fries Vada-pav What more do you like?!

AVOID Food with FAT

Slim v/s fit

Do not starve

NO crash diet, seek professional help for weight loss (Not to get carried away with advertisements!) FITNESS is more important than looking slim!
YOU CAN avoid nutritional deficiency by regular, balanced diet intake

ANEMIA

Adol Health Com FOGSI - 2009-11

Why Anemia?
Poor dietary habits? Are you losing excess blood from your body?

Cure it urgently.

Anaemia ~ How to deal with it?

Repeated Haemoblobin measurements Diet rich in iron containing food

Iron supplements to make up for deficit (as advised by your doctor)

Iron Rich sources

Healthy food habits

Never skip meals or go for crash dieting. Have proper breakfast and an early dinner. Limit fast food intake to a minimum. Have at least one fruit a day. Have salads often and vegetables daily.

KISHORI SAKTI YOJNA

ICDS Adolescent girls 11-18 years.

500 Calories + 20-25 g protein

Adol Health Com FOGSI - 2009-11

Exercise & Physical Activity

Does it really HELP? YES,
Improves your strength & endurance.
Bones & muscles becomes more healthy. Avoids weight gain. Reduces anxiety & stress. Increases self esteem, confidence.

Enjoy outdoor games

 Transition from childhood to adult

Attraction Fantasies

Mood changesirresponsible, stubborn

Search for identity and sexual development create sense of crisis

Life Style
Regular. Simple. Optimistic.

Helping hand, interdependence.

Getting involved in humanitarian activities. Respecting social values & spirituality.

Smoking, drinking, drugs

Smoking is an evil which is best avoided

it can cause cancers, heart disease, early death.

Avoid alcohol intake. Drugs are like taking poison stay away.

Spirituality
Unless we develop the spiritual side of our nature, society cannot combat the evils that plague society wanton cruelty, corruption, violence, poverty, injustice, oppression of the weak, sexual abuse, terrorism and war the list goes on. Morality, justice, truthfulness, love, sacrifice for the common good, peace and discipline

Moral Decision-making
An important aspect of spirituality Spiritual empowerment comes through prayer, self-less service to mankind; serving ones parents, to be loving, keeping our self and our ego in disciplined check, courtesy and humility, firmly upholding the principle of justice, being self-less or detached etc. These qualities come through the love of God.

Say NO to stress
Often we burden ourselves with stress Always count your blessings in life Accept circumstances which you cannot change Effectively conquer stress before it engulfs you

Two Important vaccines for young girls

Vaccine to prevent

Rubella infection (thereby avoiding birth of a child with defect)

CERVIX

Cervical Cancer (Cervix is the mouth of the organ-uterus. Its cancer prevalence is increasing & is the top most killer for women)

Cancer Cervix

From Smile to Agony

HPV Vaccine is available to fight against cervical cancer

Two vaccines have been licensed globally for adolescent girls aged 9-26 yrs

Quadrivalent vaccine.
Bivalent vaccine. Quadrivalent vaccine
Prevention of: HPV related Cancer Cervix Vulvar & Vaginal cancers

Bivalent vaccine
Prevention of HPV related Cancer Cervix

Ano -Genital warts

Recurrent Respiratory Papilomatosi

 Age of consent to sexual activity -16 years -reduces the incidence of *STI *teenage pregnancy * sexual abuse&exploitation Convention on the Rights of the Child in 1989 (children defined as under 18)-against unchecked child labour, child prostitution and pornography.

PROTECTION-LEGAL ASPECTS

PROTECTION OF ADOLESCENTS
STI & HIV prevention and pregnancy prevention

information
Encouraging health care providers to make their services youth friendly

ADOLESCENT FRIENDLY HEALTH SERVICES (AFHS)

 WHO consultation 2001- AFHS piloting under Adolescent District Health Project Target population- young people

ADOLESCENT FRIENDLY HEALTH SERVICES

Key elements: Confidentiality Flexibility Well staffed Information Partnershipapproach

MENTAL DISORDERS
Conduct and behavioural

disorders
Learning disorders Anxiety disorders

Teen depression
Juvenile delinquency Adjustment problems

DELINQUENCY PREVENTION
broad term for all efforts aimed at preventing youth from becoming involved in criminal, or other antisocial, activity. CHILD GUIDANCE CLINIC

Prevention services include activities :substance abuse education and treatment, family counseling, youth mentoring,

parenting education, educational support, and youth sheltering.

ADOLESCENT COUNSELING
School Avoidance Separation Anxiety Coping With Chronic Illness Building Social Competence Managing Powerful Peer Personalities Minimizing Family Conflict Working Through Divorce & Separation Avoiding Drug & Alcohol Use Transitioning - High School to College

Accepting Imperfection