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Acquired Immunity
Humoral Response Cell-mediated Response
Skin
Digestive Tract
High acidity & normal bacteria
Respiratory Tract
Mucus & Cilia
Genitourinary Tract
Acidity of Urine
Monocytes (5%)
macrophages long lived in lymphatic tissue
Eosinophils (1.5%)
attack larger parasites
Allows for dilation and increased permeability Increased temp due to increased blood flow Cytokines (protein) direct migration of Phagocytes (activate lymphocytes)
Antimicrobial Proteins
Compliment System
30 proteins lyses viruses and pathogens may attract phagocytes and cause adherence Two pathways
Alternative
triggered by substances on invaders and does not use antibodies
Classical
triggered by antigens and uses antibodies
Antimicrobial Proteins
Interferon
proteins secreted by viral infected cells diffuse to surrounding cells surrounding cells make chemicals that inhibit viral reproduction
Acquired Immunity
Vertebrates
Uses Lymphocytes to recognize antigens Two major types
B lymphocytes T lymphocytes
T cells
made in bone marrow and matures in thymus
Epitopes
Antigenic determinant (special areas on antigens
Usually has several
Immune Response
Primary Immune Response
Takes 10 - 17 days from initial exposure to an antigen Produces B and T cells
Immune Responses
Humoral Immunity
involves B cells produces antibodies that circulate in the blood, plasma and lymph cells do not have to be next to antigen to attack
Cell-mediated Immunity
involves T cells cells must be next to antigens to attack
Cell-mediated Response
Cytotoxic T cells
attach to infected cells / Cancer Cells Usually uses a CD8 receptor perforin (protein) makes a pore in membrane ions and water enters pores infected cell lyses
Antibodies
A group of globular serum proteins called immunoglobulins
Passive Immunity
Antibodies transferred from one individual to another
pregnancy and breast feeding injection of antibodies
Autoimmune Diseases
immune system attacks own body
Lupus, MS, ALS, Rheumatoid Arthritis
Immunodeficiency Diseases
lowered immune system SCIDS, AIDS