CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

MAIN CLAUSE

IF CLAUSE

I will stay at home

If it rains

Present Real Conditional (type 0)

If I have time, I study English. Sometimes I have time.

Main clause Present simple

If clause Present simple

Situations that are always true if something happens

Conditional 0 is formed by the use of the

present simple in the if clause followed by a comma and the present simple in the result clause. You can also put the result clause first without using a comma between the clauses.

If he comes to town, we have dinner. OR We have dinner if he comes to town.

Future Real Conditional (type 1)

Often called the "real" conditional because it is used for real - or possible situations

If I have time, I will study English. If I have time, I am going to study English. I don't know if I will have time or not.
Main clause

If clause

Present simple

will + infinitive (going to + inf)

Present/Future Unreal Conditional (type 2)

Often called the "unreal" conditional because it is used for unreal - impossible or improbable - situations.

If I had time, I would study English. I don't have time/ I wont have time
Main clause

If clause

Past simple

would + infinitive (could/might+ inf)

Past Unreal Conditional (type 3)

Often referred to as the "past" conditional because it concerns only past situations with hypothetical results. Used to express a hypothetical result to a past given situation.

If I had had time, I would have studied English. I didn't have time, so I didnt study English.
If clause Main clause

Past perfect (had+past participle)

would + have + past participle (could/might+ have + past participle)

Unless

In the conditional 1 we often use unless which means 'if ... not.
Ifnot Unless (if not)

He will arrive late if he doesnt hurry up.

He will arrive late unless he hurries up.

Even if

'even if' shows a result that is unexpected based on the condition in the 'even if' (aunque)clause.

Even if she studies hard, she wont pass the exam

In case (that), in the event (that)

'In case' and 'in the event' usually mean that you don't expect something to happen, but if it does...

In case you need me, I'll be at Tom's. I'll be studying upstairs in the event

he calls.

PROVIDED, PROVIDING, AS LONG AS

We use as long as, providing/ provided to say that something will happen only on condition that something else happens. You can stay here as long as you keep quiet.

Verb to be

The verb 'to be', when used in the 2nd conditional, is usually conjugated as 'were'.
I would lower taxes if I were the President.

Quiz 1

If he comes,

a) we will go to lunch b) We would go to lunch

c)We go to lunch d) We went to lunch

If he comes,

a) we will go to lunch

I would buy a new house

a) If I have a lot of money. b) If I win the lottery

c) If I inherited a million dollars d) If I will win the lottery.

I would buy a new house

c) If I inherited a million dollars

If she misses the bus,

a) Id take her to school by c) she have to walk. car. b) I take her to school by car. d) Id taken to school by car.

If she misses the bus,

b) I take her to school by car.

If I had known you were in town,

a) I would buy you some flowers b) I would had bought you some flowers

c) I will buy you some flowers. d) I would have bought you some flowers.

If I had known you were in town,

d) I would have bought you some flowers.

If he studies a lot,

a) he might pass the exam b) He would pass the exam

c) he is going to pass the exam. d) he passed the exam.

If he studies a lot,

a) he might pass the exam

I would get a new job,

a) If I was you. b) If I am you

c) if I were you. d) If I had been you.

I would get a new job,

c) if I were you.

He will surely fail his exams,

a)If he not work harder. b) unless he begins to study

c) if he werent serious. d) Unless he weret serious.

He will surely fail his exams,

b) unless he begins to study

She would live in New York now,

a)If she had stayed. b) unless he stays.

c)If she stays. d)If she was to stay.

She would live in New York now,

a)If she had stayed.

They would have bought that new car,

a)If they had the money. b) If they were having the money

c) If they had had the money. d) If they might have the money.

They would have bought that new car,

c) If they had had the money.

I leave on Satudays,

a) If she comes to visit b)If she wont come to visit.

c) If she will come to visit. d) unless she will visit.

I leave on Satudays,

a) If she comes to visit

If he were president,

a) He would help the poor c) he will help the poor more. more b) He would have helped the d) He helps the poor more. poor more.

If he were president,

a) He would help the poor more

If they had had good sense,

a) they would had moved to Santa Monica b) they would have moved to Santa Monica.

c) they will move to Santa Monica. d) they had moved to Santa Monica.

If they had had good sense,

b) they would have moved to Santa Monica.

She will go crazy,

a)if you leaves her. b) If she will leave you.

c) If she leave you. d) unless she leaves you.

She will go crazy,

d) unless she leaves you.

Watch out! If you touch that cable,

a) you had a shock b) you shocked

c) you will get a shock d) you would get a shock.

Watch out! If you touch that cable,

c) you will get a shock

I might have had time,

a)If you had asked me for help. b)If you needed my help.

c) If you ask me for help. d) unless youd asked me for help.

I might have had time,

a)If you had asked me for help.

Im afraid I cant understand you

a)If you speak unclear b) unless you speak more clearly.

c) If you spoke unclear. d) If you dont speak clear.

Im afraid I cant understand you

b) unless you speak more clearly.

She would have gone

a) If she were in your c)If she had been in your position. position. b) If she was in your position. d) unless she is in your position.

She would have gone

c)If she had been in your position.

You would certainly have been angry

a) If you discovered what he had known. b) If you had discovered what he knew.

c)If you discovered what he knew. d)If you had discovered what he had known.

You would certainly have been angry

d)If you had discovered what he had known.

You would certainly have been angry

d)If you had discovered what he had known.

Well have to walk

a)If we run out of gas.

c) If we ran out of gas.

b)if we are going to run out of d)unless we ran out of gas. gas.

Well have to walk

a)If we run out of gas

If someone offered to buy you one

a) which one would you choose? b) which one had you chosen?

c) which one do you choose? d) which one will you choose?

If someone offered to buy you one

a) which one would you choose?