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TORSION
Content:
Geometry of deformation of a twisted circular shaft
Stress Strain relations
Equilibrium requirements
Stresses and deformations in twisted elastic circular shaft
Torsion of Elastic hollow circular shaft
Combined stresses
Strain energy due to torsion
Yielding in torsion
Schematic representation of power transmission in an
automobile.
Schematic representation of power transmission
in a lathe.
Steps for solving torsion problem:
Cont----
The circular shaft must deform such that each plane
C/S originally normal to the axis remains plane and
normal
The plane C/S does not distort within its own plane
The amount of twist is assumed small and Extensional
strains are zero
(a) Circular shaft loaded at ends by twisting
moments Mt which cause a relative rotation
Φbetween the ends;(b) Illustrating that every C/S A
is acted on by a twisting moment Mt
Thin slice showing hypothetical deformation
To summarize,
Circular shaft must deform such that each plane cross
section originally normal to the axis remains plane
and normal and does not distort within its own plane.
All the extensional strains are zero.
Analysis of deformation of slice of circular shaft
subjected to torsion.
dφ
γ θz = r dz (6.1)
Where
dφ
is twist per unit length
dz
Maximum shear strain exist at the outside fiber ie at
r = r0
Analysis of deformation of slice of circular shaft
subjected to torsion.
The strain distribution in the twisted circular shaft is
ε =ε =ε =γ
r θ z rθ
=γ
rz
=0
(6.2)
dφ
γ = r dz
θz
In last class we have seen
Geometry of deformation of twisted circular shaft
Assumptions
Extensional strains are zero
ε =ε =ε =γ
r θ z rθ
=γ
rz
=0
dφ
γ = r dz
θz
(6.3)
(6.4)
(6.5)
(6.6)
Total angle of twist between the ends of the shaft is
or
EX.1 Given G= 11.5X 106Psi
o
Torsion of Elastic hollow
circular shafts
= Combined state
Of stress
Combined stress due to torsion and tension
Strain energy due to torsion:
(5.17)
Castigliano’s theorem:
∂U
δi = - - - - - - (2.12)
∂Pi
Ex. 6: Find the deflection and hence spring
constant for spring.
THE ONSET OF YIELDING IN TORSION
Criterion for the initiation of yielding in metals.
In order to apply either criterion it is necessary to
obtain the yield stress in uniaxial tension.
compute effective stress according to the
criterion applied.
compare effective stress with yield stress.
Mises Yield Criterion:
In Torsion, According
to Mises Yield criterion
Tresca or maximum shear stress criterion
In Torsion, According to
Tresca criterion
Ex. 7
For a compound shaft d = 60mm
Aluminium B C
Brass
A
Mt
1.25m 1m