Daripada :- Cikgu ZanizaH

Kesilapan umum calon UPSR :1. Tak guna maklumat yang diberi. 2. Tak boleh bezakan istilah KPS . 3. Jawapan umum , kabur dan tidak berkaitan fakta atau prinsip sains . 4. Tak jawab ikut kehendak utama soalan . 5. Kesilapan ejaan atau tulisan yang sukar dibaca .

OBSERVATION
CONSLUSION INFERENS

RELATIONSHIP

PREDICT

HYPOTESIS

SKILL THAT WIL BE TESTED

TREND

AIM/PURPOSE

MANIPULATED VARIABLE (MV) CONSTANT VARIABLE (CV) RESPONSIBLE VARIABLE (RV)

OBSERVATION
What can you see , touch , smell, taste and feel AND Dont state your reason
KeyWord Look the result , state, compare

Observation

State one observation based on the table above

The diagram below shows the percentage of housing area and forest area in a certain Percentage of district area (%) Housing Forest

State one observation based on the table below.

Year

Percentage of housing area is .. increase

Compared with forest area

observation

Figure 1

State one observation observation from figure 1 The number of leaves in plant A is more Observation = what to observe than plant B

[ list the different @ What to observed @ responding variable ]

Other Observation/ Another Logical Answer

A A B

1) Diameter of stem A is bigger than plant B. 2) Size of plant A is bigger than plant B. 3. The size of leaf of plant A is bigger than plant B

Eliza carries out an investigation by planting green peas in two cans of the same size containing the same type of soil. She places the cans in the garden. She waters the green peas equally. The diagram below shows her observation after two weeks.

State one observation based on the table below.

is .. The high The of plant height of plant is different different Ketinggian anak pokok berbeza

Eliza carries out an investigation by planting green peas in two cans of the same size containing the same type of soil. She places the cans in the garden. She waters the green peas equally. The diagram below shows her observation after two weeks.

State one observation based on the table below.

observation

Figure B

State one observation observation for figure B

The lizard cut of its tail

[ what is going on? @ Responding variable ]

Make an observation
Uncoated leaves Coated with grease

State one observation observation after one week i. Plant A : live Plant A changes stay is alive, plant variable B wilt and will [ Observation What is the @Responding Responding ] variable ii. Plant B : wilted and will die [ What is the changes @ Responding variables ]

die

Make an observation
January Mac ( dry season )

Figure 2

Write one observation observation for figure 2

Rubber tree abort its leaves in dry season

[ What is the changes @ Responding variable]

OBSERVATION

State one observation observation for figure 3

[ What is the changes @ Responding variable ]

The level of water is getting higher

Inference
Explanation based on your OBSERVATION

Give your reason WHY ( based on the result )

KeyWord

What to changed + TREND State the result,WHY and

compare

Cara tulis jawapan Inferens

Cara 1 :- BECAUSE

because

Cara tulis jawapan Inferens :Cara 2 :OBSERVATION BECAUSE

The lizard cut off its tail because its .

..

A Observation :
Inference :
i)

B
i) Boy A is fat than boy B ii) Boy B is thin than boy A
Because boy B did not get enough food than boys A ii) Because boy A get more food than boy B iii) Because boy A has followed his fathers genetic than boy B

A OBSERVATION

B INFERENCE
Tree B gets enough fertilizer compared to tree A.

TREE B IS HIGHER COMPARED WITH TREE A

Tree B gets enough water compared to tree A. Tree B gets enough sunlight compared to tree A. Tree B has been planted earlier than tree A. Tree Bs genetic is better than tree

As genetic.

OTHER OBSERVATION
Pemerhatian untuk menyokong setiap inferens yang dinyatakan. Ianya merupakan pemerhatian yang boleh dibuat oleh semua jenis deria TETAPI pemerhatian ini tidak boleh sama seperti pemerhatian ASAL

Plant B gets more fertilizer compared to Plant A

The size of leaf of plant B is bigger than size of leaf plant A

INFERENCES 1

Other Observation for Inferences 1

OBSERVATION
Plant B is higher than Plant A

INFERENCES 2

Other Observation for Inferences 2

Plant B gets enough sunlight compared plant A

The leaf of plant B is more green than the leaf of plant A

PAK ABUS COW FATTER/ 500 kg

PAK BUSUS COW

FAT/ 400 kg

Other observations
INFERENCES 1

Because Pak Abus cow gets enough food than Pak Busus cow
OBSERVATION

The faeces of Pak Abus cow is more than Pak Busus cow.

Pak Abus cow is fatter than Pak Busus cow

Pak Abus cow is good genetic than Pak Busus cow

INFERENCES 2

Pak Abus cow produced more milk than Pak Busus cow Other observation

The number of animal Q increased over the years.

Because many of them was breeding.

The distance travelled by vehicle X is shorter than vehicle Y

Because vehicle Y is modern than vehicle X

3. Table 2 shows the result of a fair test about time taken for water to dry in beaker S and beaker T.

i)
ii)

The time taken for water to dry in beaker S is 2 hour because the temperature surrounding is higher.
The time taken for water to dry in beaker Q is 4 hour because the surface area of beaker Q is small.

i)

The volume of water left in beaker S decreased faster than the volume of water left in beaker T.

There is no water left in the beaker after 5 hours.

Because all the water was absorved by process of evaporation

The structure X is more stabil compared sructure Y

Because structure X is thicker than structure Y

To make observation and inference

spring
Figure 7
Glass rod Iron rod

magnet

Write one 7

observation

and

inference for figure

Spring with iron rod is elongated than glass rod [ observation @ What is goingthan on?]glass rod Observation : Responding Spring with variable iron rod@ become longer rod is magnetic material compared to glass Inference Iron : Iron isthe magnetic material compared to glass rodrod Because .
Why that phenemenon was happen ? ]

Infering
In the science lab In the refrigator

seeds

Wet cotton

State one inference for this investigation . i. Seeds in beaker A : geminate i) Seeds in beaker B : .. Not geminate [ Find temperature the changes @ responding ] The for seedling variable A is suitable compared

the temperature of seedling B ii. Seeds ib with beaker B: not geminate The temperature is suitable ii) Because Because :: .. The temperature is not suitable / too cold . [ find the changes @ responding variable]

Inference

State one

inference for this investigation.

Figure B

[ observation @ Responding variables @ what will happen?]

1. To escape The lizard cut its from tail enemies.

because

To prevent To escape the enemies from enemies attention .

[ Why that situation was happen ? ]

Comparing observation and inference

Water
Figure 4 A

cotton

paper

Synthetic cloth

The aim the investigation to know the ability observation inference Write one of observation and is inferens from the different materials to absorb water figure above
compared to beaker C Inferences : The ability to absorb water is different / [ observation @ What Cotton do you can see ? @ Responding variables] can absorb water more than paper and Cotton can absorb water more than synthetic cloth
synthetic cloth Observation : The volume of water in beaker A is the lower compared to The volume of beaker water in beaker B and C. A is the lowest

Because

. [ Why that phenomenon was happen? ]

IDENTIFIED VARIABLES

1. Things that are kept the same / constant variable (cv)

2. Things that are changed / manipulated variable (mv)

3. Things that are measured/ observed / responding variable (cv)

VARIABLES IN THE TABLES (2 COLUMN)

1 A fair test was done to study the relationship between the number of sponges used and the amount of water absorbed. mv/change Number of sponge 1 2 4 Volume of water absorbed (ml) 30 63 96 129 rv/measured/ observed

MANIPULATED VARIABLES/change

THE NUMBER OF SPONGE

RESPONDING VARIABLES/ Measured/ observed

CONSTANT VARIABLES

THE VOLUME/AMOUNT OF WATER ABSORBED

THE SIZE OF SPONGE

Type of object Glass plate

Tracing paper Cardboard

Ability to see the book Clear

Blurred/ not clear Cannot be seen

MANIPULATED VARIABLES

THE TYPE OF OBJECT

RESPONDING VARIABLES

THE ABILITY TO SEE THE BOOK

CONSTANT VARIABLES

THE TYPE OF BOOK

The figure below shows four containers of the same size.

Each container is filled with hot water with a temperature of 92C. After 20 minutes, the temperature of all the containers is taken and recorded as follows:

Container J K L

Temperature Temperature 83 88 75

61

MANIPULATED VARIABLES
RESPONDING VARIABLES CONSTANT VARIABLES

The material to cover each container temperature Size of container

4. Table below shows the lists the distance of Mercury, Mars, Saturn and Neptune from the Sun. Planet Mercury Mars Saturn Distance from the Sun (km) 58 000 000 228 000 000 1 435 000 000

Neptune

4 500 000 000

CHANGE

THE PLANET

MEASURED

THE DISTANCE FROM THE SUN THE GALAXY

KEPT THE SAME

5. The information in table below shows the ploughing time taken by a farmer to plough a plot of land using two different techniques.
Ploughing techniques Animal Time taken 2 weeks

Ploughing machine

2 days

CHANGE

THE PLOUGHING TECHNIQUES TIME TAKEN BY A FARMER TO PLOUGH A PLOT THE SIZE / TYPE OF FARM

OBSERVED KEPT THE SAME

6. An investigation is carried out to test a students ability to see the wor on a poster clearly. Table below shows the results of the investigation. Distance of the poster from the student (m) 3 6 9 12 Ability of the student to see clearly clear clear clear clear

15
CHANGE

clear
Distance of the poster from the student (m)

OBSERVED

Ability of the student to see clearly

KEPT THE SAME

The aged of student

VARIABLES IN THE TABLES (3 COLUMN)

1. Four similar pieces of wet handkerchief, Q, R, S and T are hung under fans of different speeds respectively. Each handkerchief has a mass of 100g. After one hour, the mass of each handkerchief is recorded as shown in Table 3. Handkechief Q R S T Speed of fan (0) : None (1) : Low (2) : Medium (3) : High Mass after 1 hour 95 90 80 65

mv
Handkechief
Q R S

rv
Mass after 1 hour
95 90 80

Speed of fan
(0) : None (1) : Low (2) : Medium

(3) : High

65

CHANGE

The speed of fan The mass after 1 hour The mass of handkerchief

OBSERVED

KEPT THE SAME

1. Four similar pieces of wet handkerchief, Q, R, S and T are hung under fans of different speeds respectively. Each handkerchief has a mass of 100g. After one hour, the mass of each handkerchief is recorded as shown in Table 3.

CHANGE

The speed of fan The mass after 1 hour

OBSERVED

KEPT THE SAME

The mass of each handkerchief before experiment

VARIABLES IN THE GRAPH

State what :
What to change : What to observed : What to kept the same : The name

The time taken The aged of student

2. A group of pupils carries out an activity using model cars. The bar chart below shows the information they have obtained. (upsr 2004)

State : What to change : What to observed : What to kept the same : The number of batteries

The speed

The size of model cars

VARIABLES IN THE DIAGRAM / FIGURE/ PICTURE

CHANGE

Distance of the planet from the sun

OBSERVED

The size of the orbits

KEPT THE SAME

The solar system

a) Kept the same : i) The number / size / type of mice ii) The amount / presence of biscuit iii) The size of container

iv) The duration of the experiment

b) change : c) observed : i) The presence of air i) The condition of the mice after two days

VARIABLES IN THE STATEMENT

2) The number of dry cell can affect the brightness of the bulb
Question : Answer

a) Change : Measured :

The number of dry cell

The brightness of the bulb

1) The rate of evaporation is controlled by the surface area of the water exposed to the heat of the sun Manipulated variable : The surface area of the water exposed to the heat of the sun

Responding variable : The rate of evaporation

The food needed by an animal per day is affected by its surrounding temperature and its activity level
MV : Surrounding temperature Activity level RV : The food needed by an animal per day

The distance of a planet from the Sun will affect the time taken by a planet to make a complete revolution around the Sun
MV : The distance of a planet from the sun

RV : The time taken by a planet to make a complete revolution around the Sun

The position of the earthworm from the soil surface is influenced by the temperature of the soil surface
MV : The temperature of the soil surface

RV :

The position of the earthworm from the soil

The time taken for the water to boil is related the volume of water that is used

MV :

The volume of water that is used

RV :

The time taken for the water to boil

The number of trees left can affect the temperature of surrounding

MV :

The temperature of surrounding

RV :

The number of trees left

INTERPRET DATA
The number of pendulum swings in 30 seconds

Length of the pendulum string (cm)

What is the trend in the number of pendulum swings as the length increases?

1. The number of pendulum swings

Responding variable ]

decrease 2.
[ trend / the changes of data ]

INTERPRET DATA
Wide of cotton cloth ( cm ) 24 30 Volume of water left ( ml) 44 40

36
42

36
32

State the trend of volume of water left when the wide of cotton cloth increase. 1. Volume of water left

[ Responding variable ]

2.

decrease

[ trend of the changes ]

INTERPRET DATA
VASE Mass of fertilizer (g) Quantity of flowers

P
Q R

0
30 60

10
25 50

What is the trend of flower when the mass of fertilizer increases?

1.

Quantity if flowers Responding variables ]

[ trend / pattern of the changes ]

Increase 2.

INTREPRET THE INFORMATION

Quantity of green turtle

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 year

State the trend of green turtle which lays egg at Rantau Abang whithin five years.

1. Quantity of green turtle

[ Responding variable ]

Decrease, horizontal 2.
[ trend / the changes of data ]

INTERPRET DATA
Mass of the object (g) Length of the rubber band ( cm )

50 3

100 150 5 7

200 9

What is the trend in length of the rubber band

as the mass increase ?

a)

Increase

[ trend ]

Number of sponge

Volume of water absorbed (ml) 129 96

63

30

Answer :

Decrease

Planet
Mercury Mars Saturn Neptune

Distance from the Sun (km)

58 000 000 228 000 000 1 435 000 000 4 500 000 000

Answer :

Increase

Answer :

Decrease, Increase, Decrease

Answer :

Increase

Time (minutes)

10 70

15 55

20 40

25 27

30 27

Temperature (C) 100 85

Answer :

Decrease,

Horizontal

Answer :

Increase

To investigate the relationship between __________ with _________

We can change the position of wtc and wto

To study the effect of _______ with / and __________

Dont change the position of wtc and wto

Size of Bread(cm) 25 36 49 1. Identified :

The number of black spot on the bread 5 17 29

a) MV/Change

:
Aim

The size of Bread

b) RV/Observed :

The number of black spot on the bread

To investigate the relationship between the size of bread with the number of black spot on the bread.

1) The rate of evaporation is controlled by the surface area of the water exposed to the heat of the sun
The surface area of the water exposed to the heat of the sun

Manipulated variable :

To investigate the between Aim/Purpose Responding variable : relationshop The rate of evaporation the surface area of the water exposed with the rate of evaporation

To investigate the relationship between ________________ with ____________

The height of seedling

Number of seedling

To investigate the relationship between ________________ with ____________

exer

State the aim of this investigation

What is to change What is to observed

Quantity of newspaper recycled Percentage of energy saved

To investigate the relationship between the quantity of Recycled paper with the percentage of energy saved

State the aim of this investigation

What is to change What is to observed

Quantity of salt used Time taken for eggs to become expired

To investigate the relationship between the quantity of salt used with the time taken for eggs to become expired

To investigate the relationship between the type of surface With the distance travelled by toy car

1) If MV/change

trend/pattern

RV/Observed/Measured trend/pattern
e
2) When MV/change

trend/pattern

RV/Observed/Measured trend/pattern

3. The more
the more 4. The less the less

MV/Change
RV/Observed/Measured

MV/Change RV/Observed/Measured

LANGKAH 1 KENALPASTI VARIABLES :

a) Manipulated variables b) Responding variables c) trend/pattern setiap variables diatas

HYPOTHESIS

a) Hypothesis based on the investigations

The group of pupils do their investigations .The result from investigations are recorded in the table above.

Time of the seeds

immersed ( minute ) 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Weight of seeds ( grams 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 )

(a) Write the hypothesis based on the If time of the seeds immersed is increase, so investigations above. the weight of seeds become increase The more the time of the seeds immersed the
more the weight of seeds

Size of Bread(cm) 25 36 49 1. Identified :

The number of black spot on the bread 5 17 29

1) If a) the size of bread increase, the number of MV/Change : The size of Bread Hyphotesis black spot on the bread increase too
b) RV/Observed : The number of black spot on the bread

Increase 2) The more the size of bread, the more the number of blackIncrease spot on the bread.

b) Trend :

State one hypothesis based onthe thevariables table 2. conclusion relationship between

What is to change : The speed of the runner / student If theto speed of the runner is the most , the What observed: time taken to finish the race is the least Time taken to finish the race

b) Hypothesis based on the statement. The user of the insect poisonous without follow the instructions can cause the damage for the plant for along period times

(a)State the hypothesis based on the statement above If the user of the insect poisonous without follow the instructions, so can cause the damage for the plant for along period times

1.

The food needed by an animal per day is affected by its surrounding temperature and its activity level
Identified: Hipotesis : If the surrounding temperature decrease If MV the : activity level increase surrounding temperature increase i) Surrounding temperature the food needed by an animal per day the food needed by an animal per day increase. ii) Activity level Increase. decrease. RV : i) The food needed by an animal per day

c) Hypothesis based on inference. (a)Give an inference for each observation are made by Agriculture Officer in their report.

Observation : Plantation A produce their product more faster than Plantation B

Inference : The fertilizer using by Plantations A more quality compare plantation B .

(b) State hypothesis can be made based on the inference that you make. (a).
If the fertilizer that use is more quality,so the

plant can produce the product become faster

Hypothesis/relationships/conclusion can be made by using the words more/more, more/less , less/less, less/more or if/then.

Time 5 10 15

Temperature 10 5 0

The more the time, the less the temperature.

If the time increases then the temperature decreases.

Age (month)

Mass of the baby

2.8

4.8

5.5

Hyphotesis

If the age (month) is increased

the mass of the baby increased too.

Length of the string (cm) Number of the pendulum swings

10 31

15 26

20 21

25 16

Hyphotesis If the length of the string (cm) is increased the number of the pendulum swings decrease.

Number of pupils in the room Condition in the room

10 Too hot

15 hot

Too Cold cold

Hyphotesis If the number of pupils in the room increased the temperature in the room increased too

Answer

d) If the number of folded of cloth increased the duration to cloth become dry is increased e) If the cotton material were used the volume of water left is decreased

Diucapkan terima kasih di atas kerjasama anda .

Semoga cemerlang dalam P & P SAINS anda Ikhlas :Cikgu Zanizah 2009

MOHON

MAAF