Subject: Geography For Class: IX & XI

PRESENTED BY:

ASHUTOSH KARASHARMA MISHRA

Address: (Personal) At: Srikrisna Nagar Po: Loisingha Dist: Bolangir Orissa-767020 Address: (Official) At: JNV, Koraput Po: OMP Line Dist: Koraput Orissa

Phone No: 9437146288 E-mail: canyon_geo@yahoo.com Tiger_sir@rediffmail.com

 Familiarize students with the terms, key concepts and basic principles associated with the climate of India. Provide them idea about the mechanism of Indian monsoon. Study the climate of India through the understanding and analysis of local climate. Explore the causative factor of the spatial variations in the climate of the country. Understand and analyze the variation of climatic phenomenon in the cycle of seasons. Make students aware of the change in climate (global warming) at local level to understand it at national and global level.

Watch Out Weather News.

Hot weather season

Monsoon season

Cold Weather Season Four Videos Embedded:

Tropical Cyclone

Please right click over the dark square to choose Play or Stop one after another.

CONTENTS OF THE LESSON

Part-I

Climatic Diversity of India Factors Affecting Climate of India Rhythm of Seasons Distribution of Rainfall Change of Climate

Part-II

Part-III

Part-IV

Part-V

Please click on the box to navigate to the pages

Why does weather change spatially & temporally?

Let us examine

Drass -450C in December night Tawang 190C in June

550C temperature in June

Thar desert Diurnal range of temperature 300C Jaisalmer receives 9cm rainfall Cherrapunji & Mawsynram have 1080cm rain

Tiruvanantapuram & Chennai 200C in December night

Kerala Diurnal range of temperature 80C

MONSOON REGIME IS THE UNITY OF INDIA

MORE DIVERSITIES..
Churu in Rajasthan records a temperature of 50C or more on a June day. Snow fall over the Himalayas. Most parts of India receives rainfall during June to September. Tura of Meghalaya receives rainfall in a single day is equal to the total rainfall of Ten years in Jaisalmer of Rajastan. It is 19C in Tawang (Arunachal Pradesh) on the same day. Only rainfall over rest of India. Tamilnadu coast remains dry during these months.
Very low rainfall in North west Himalayas and western Rajastan which is equal to 10cm per year.

MONSOON REGIME IS THE UNITY OF INDIA

 Lets divide the class into five groups namely A, B, C, D and E. Collect the data of temperature and rainfall of different cities of India from web site www.allrainfallreports.com . Collect the rainfall and temperature data of your town and compare it with the data of other cities of India. Make a comparative study of temperature and rainfall data of different districts of Orissa. (SourceClimatological survey of Orissa 1987-2003 & District statistical handbooks) Write about the climate of your district and upload it to www.climateofindia.pbwiki.com . Make a power point presentation of all the activities you have done.
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FACTORS AFFECTING INDIAN CLIMATE

FAQ

RELATED TO LOCATION & RELIEF

RELATED TO AIR PRESSURE & WIND

Latitude Altitude Relief

Surface pressure & wind Upper air circulation Western cyclones

Distance from Sea The Himalayan Mt.

Distribution of Land & water

LATITUDE
FAQ

High range of Temp

High Temp Low range

EQUATORIAL REGION

THE HIMALAYAS- CLIMATIC BARRIER

DISTRIBUTION OF LAND & WATER

FAQ

HIGH PRESSURE IN WINTER

ARABIAN SEA

BAY OF BENGAL

INDIAN OCEAN

DISTANCE FROM SEA

SIMLA

DELHI

MUMBAI
CHENNAI

KOLKOTA

Coastal areas have equable climate where as Interior parts have extreme climate.

ALTITUDE
Temperature decreased from low to high altitude
HIGH ALTITUDE

FAQ

AGRA
160C in Jan

DARJILING
40C in January

LOW ALTITUDE

RELIEF
FAQ

Receives high rainfall

Receives low rainfall

SURFACE WIND

POLAR HIGH

SUB TROPICAL LOW PRESSURE SUB TROPICAL HIGH PRESSURE

NORTH-EAST TRADE WIND

INTER TROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE

SUB TROPICAL HIGH PRESSURE SOUTH-EAST TRADE WIND SUB TROPICAL LOW PRESSURE
POLAR HIGH

JET STREAM IN WINTER

TIBET

JET STREAM IN SUMMER

WESTERN DISTURBANCE

EL-NINO EFFECTS
FAQ

1990 Delay in Monsoon

Equatorial Warm Current El-Nino

Homboldt Cold Current

SOUTHERN OSCILLATION

Tahiti

Darwin

Prepare a ppt. answering the following:

Collect the data on the effect of El-nino over different parts of world and prepare a presentation and upload it to www.climateofindia.pbwiki.com. Explain the factors affecting the climate of your region in a word/pdf file and upload it to www.think.com or www.climateofindia.pbwiki.com page. Invite your friends to your www.think.com or www.epal.com site to explain about the climate of their region. Explain how jet stream affect the climate of India in word/pdf file and upload it to the suitable web page. Compare how relief affect the climate of your region.
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RHYTHM OF SEASONS

HOT WEATHER

RETREATING MONSOON

COLD WEATHER

SOUTH WEST MONSOON

Let us discuss each of them individually

COLD WEATHER SEASON

It extends from December to February. Vertical sun rays shift towards southern hemisphere. North India experiences intense cold where as this season is not well defined in south India. Light wind blow makes this season pleasant in south India. Occasional tropical cyclone visit eastern coast in this season.

Tropical Cyclone

Rhythm of Seasons

TEMPERATURE- JANUARY

150C 200C 200C 250C 200C 200C 250C

100C`

Rhythm of Seasons

PRESSURE- JANUARY

HIGH PRESSURE

1014

Rhythm of Seasons

WIND DIRECTION- WINTER

Bay of Bengal

Rhythm of Seasons

WINTER RAINFALL
RAINFALL DUE TO WESTERN DISTURBANCES

RAINFALL DUE TO NORTH EAST WIND

Rhythm of Seasons

HOT WEATHER SEASON

It extends from March to May. Vertical sun rays shift towards Northern hemisphere. Temperature rises gradually from south to north. Highest Temperature experiences in Karnataka in March, Madhya Pradesh in April and Rajastan in May.

May 480C

April 380C

March 300C

Rhythm of Seasons

TEMPERATURE- JULY

250C

300C

Rhythm of Seasons

PRESSURE- JULY

Rhythm of Seasons

STORMS IN HOT WEATHER SEASON

FAQ

BARDOLI CHHEERHA

LOO

KALBAISAKHI
MANGO SHOWER

BLOSSOM SHOWER

Rhythm of Seasons

SOUTH WEST MONSOON SEASON

It extends from June to September. Intense heating in north west India creates low pressure region. Low pressure attract the wind from the surrounding region. After having rains for a few days sometime monsoon fails to occur for one or more weeks is known as break in the monsoon.

HIGH LOW TEMPERATURE PRESSURE

Rhythm of Seasons

MONSOON WIND

Arabian sea Branch

Bay of Bengal Branch

INTER TROPICAL EQUATOR CONVERGENCE ZONE

Rhythm of Seasons

ONSET OF SW MONSOON

Rhythm of Seasons

RETREATING MONSOON SEASON

It extends from October to November Vertical sun rays start shifting towards Northern hemisphere. Low pressure region shift from northern parts of India towards south. Owing to the conditions of high temperature and humidity, the weather becomes rather oppressive. This is commonly known as the October heat

LOW PRESSURE

Rhythm of Seasons

WITHDRAWAL OF MONSOON

Rhythm of Seasons

Prepare a ppt. answering the following:

Explain the seasonal difference of climate of your region in a word/pdf file and upload it to www.climateofindia.pbwiki.com. Search friends from different parts of India and seek their comments and compare the seasonal difference in climate of different parts of India by using www.think.com. Prepare an analysis of yearly temperature and rainfall data by using different graphs and upload it to www.climateofindia.pbwiki.com. Collect photographs of monsoon and upload to www.think.com or www.climateofindia.pbwiki.com.
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DISTRIBUTION OF RAINFALL

> 200cm
100-200cm

50-100 cm

< 50cm

VARIABILITY OF RAINFALL
The variability of rainfall is computed with the help of the following formula: C.V.= Standard Deviation/ Mean * 100 Variability of less than 25% exist in Western coasts, Western Ghats, northeastern peninsula, eastern plain of the Ganga, northern India, Uttaranchal, SW J & K & HP. Variability of more then 50% found in Western Rajastan, J & K and interior parts of Deccan. Region with high rainfall has less variability.

Prepare a power point presentation answering the following: Why there is variation of rainfall in different parts of India? Explain in a word/pdf file and upload. Calculate the variability of rainfall of your region. Compare the variability of rainfall with the total rainfall of your region. Measure the rainfall in your school and record it in a spread sheet for analysis. Read out the rainfall and temperature data of your school daily in the morning assembly.
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CLIMATE CHANGE

IMPACT OF GLOBAL WORMING

FOREST FIRE SPREAD OF TROPICAL DISEASES FLOOD

SEA LEVEL RISE

SINKING COAST

INCREASE IN GREEN HOUSE GASES

RISE IN TEMPERATURE

TSUNAMI & EARTHQUAKE

EXCESSIVE SUN STROKE

LOSS OF BIODIVERSITY

SOME INTERESTING FACTS

Temperature increased by 0.60C in 20th century. Eleven out of twelve hottest years are within 1995 to 2006. Annual rate of increase of CO2 is 1.9ppm after 1995. Concentration of methane increased from 700ppb in 1750 to 1745ppb at present and Nitrous Oxide from 270ppb to 314ppb where as CFC increased from zero to 533ppb. Rising of temperature to 30C will lead to melting of all ice on earth surface and sea level rise upto 15 feet. Existence of large cities like Venis, Bankok, Sanghai, Kolkota and Dhaka will be in danger.
FAQ

CLIMATE CHANGE & INDIA

India has long coast line and rise of sea level will submerge large area. A population of 7.1 million living in coastal areas will be affected. Production of crops like wheat, rice etc will decrease. The natural disasters like cyclone, floods and drought will increase in frequency as well as intensity.

MUMBAI
CHENNAI

KOLKOTA

WHAT CAN BE DONE???

Switch off the light, fan, TV and other energy using gadgets when they are not in use. Do not use those equipments that pollute or consume more energy. create public awareness. use renewable energy resources like solar, wind, biomass etc. International conferences like Earth Summit, 1992, Kyoto protocol, Copenhegen summit, 2009 are some steps to bring consensus for crusade against Climate Change.

 Ask elders of your family or village about their perception of change in climate and explain it in a word/pdf file and upload it to www.climateofindia.pbwiki.com . Give an analysis of change in temperature of your region by collecting data of fifteen years from climatological survey of orissa. Explain what you can do to reduce the impact of climate change. Ask your friends through www.think.com about their contribution to reduce the impact of climate change. Prepare a power point presentation explaining all above.
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TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE

1. Name the factors affecting climate of India .
2. What is meant by El-nino?
Answer Answer

3. Why the south western part of peninsular India receives high rainfall?
4. Name the important green house gases.

Answer Answer Answer Answer Answer Answer

5. How altitude affects climate?

6. How distance from sea affect climate? 7. What is meant by mango shower? 8. What is meant by Inter Tropical Convergence Zone?

EVALUATION RUBRIC
Sl No. Evaluation points Participation of all members of the group Efficient use of technology in selflearning Collection of new information Presentation of Topic in the classroom Development of Innovative Thinking Total Mark Obtained Excellent All the members have participated (5 Marks) Technology used for presentation, collection of information and understanding. (5 Marks) Information collected are new, relevant and latest. (5 Marks) Presentation of topic was clear, able to clarify doubts and with proper flow of topic. (5 Marks) Innovation in presentation, collection of new information and use of technology. (5 Marks) 25 Very Good Some Members have participated. (3 Marks) Technology used for presentation and collection of information. (3 Marks) Information collected are new and relevant. (3 Marks) Presentation of topic was clear and able to clarify doubts. (3 Marks) Innovation in presentation and collection of new information. (3 Marks) 15 Good Few members have participated. (2 Marks)

Technology used for presentation only. (2 Marks) Information collected are new only. (2 Marks) Presentation of topic was clear only. (2 Marks) Innovation in presentation only. (2 Marks) 10

Evaluate the classroom presentation of other groups and assign marks.

CITATION
Abraham, K.R.; Dash, S.K. and Mohanty, U.C., 1996: Simulation of monsoon circulation and cyclones with different types of orography; Mausam, 47, 235-248. Ashok K., S. Lizuka, S.A Rao, N. H. Saji and W. Lee, 2009 : Processes and boreal summer impacts of the 2004 El Nino Modoki: An AGCM study. Geophysical Research Letters, 36, L04703, doi:10.1029/2008GL036313, 1-5. Bannerji, S. K., 1950 : Methods of forecasting monsoon and winter rainfall in India. Ind. J. Met. and Geophys., 4, 343-346. Bhalme, H.N. and Jadhav, S.K., 1984: The southern oscillation and its relation to the monsoon rainfall. J.Climatol., 4, 509-520. Krishnakumar V. and K. -M. Lau, 1997 : Symmetric Instability of Monsoon Flows. Tellus 49 A, 228-245. Physical Geography of India, NCERT, class-IX Economic & Commercial Geography of India, C.B. Memoria. Regional Geography of India, R.L. Singh. www.imd.gov.in http://tinyurl.com/q4a6mg http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/4755025.cms http://www.nws.noaa.gov/ost/climate/STIP

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Heartiest Thanks to
Mr. S. K. Tripathy, Principal JNV, Koraput

Mr. R. P. Maharana, TGTEnglish, JNV, Koraput

Project Learning, Microsoft, for providing me training.