BASIC ELECTRICITY

ELECTRICAL EFFECT

HEATING EFFECT
A flow of electricity will generate heat
in the conductor through which it flows. This property is made use in lamps, Electric heaters etc.

HEATING EFFECT.

CHEMICAL EFFECT
A flow of electricity through certain solution will split the solution into its various constituents. This property is made use of electroplating, Electrical batteries.

CHEMICAL EFFECT

PHYSICAL EFFECT.
Our body is a good conductor. Current can easily pass through it. When the body touches a current carrying conductor, current flows through our body to ground (Earth) and body experiences a shock.

MAGNETIC EFFECT
A flow of electricity through a conductor causes a magnetic field to be setup around the conductor. This property is made use in generators, motors and actuators.

MAGNETIC EFFECT

BATTERY
This stores electrical energy in the form of chemical energy and when required it gives off electrical energy. Batteries are used power source for various electrical appliances like radios, cell phones etc.,

GENERATOR
It is a machine, which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy . when the machine is driven by a prime mover, it produces electrical energy. This is one of the ways of generating commercial power.

Thermo Couple
Two dissimilar metallic wires joint together at one end develop an EMF when there is temperature difference between their junction point. This is used to read temperature of jet engine and furnaces. e.g., hot wire meter.

COPPER-IRON THERMO-COUPLE

SOLAR ENERGY
The energy obtained from the sun is called solar energy. It is a natural source of energy available in abundance. Solar cell or a photo voltaic cell is used to convert solar energy into electrical energy. Devices which use solar energy to produce electricity are solar cell which are used commonly in calculators, watches, etc

SOLAR PANEL

SOLAR PANEL

CURRENT
The free movement of electrons in a wire of conducting
material like copper is known as electric current. An electric current usually termed as current is nothing but flow of Electrons or a flow of charge from higher potential to lower potential. If a charge Q passes across a conductor in time T, and current I is said to have flown then, I = Q/T.

Ampere = Coulombs/second.

VOLTAGE
Electrical pressure, which causes an electric current to flow through a complete electrical circuit. The force which results from the conversion of heat, chemical or mechanical energy into electrical energy is known as the Electro motive force (e.m.f). Unit of e.m.f or potential difference (PD) is volt.

RESISTANCE
The resistance of a conductor is the opposition offered to the flow of current through the conductor. The unit of resistance is Ohm. The temperature remaining constant, the current flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference between the two ends of the conductor. Note:- V / I = R where R is a constant, known as resistance of the conductor.

ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT

Ohm.

It is that resistance, which permits a current of one

ampere to flow when a potential difference of one volt is applied.

Resistance of a conductor is directly proportional to

the length of the conductor and inversely proportional with its cross sectional area and specific resistance of

the conductor.