FDP on Research Methods

Statistical Tools
Dr.J.Sekkizhar,
PhD (Statistics), MPhil, MSc, MBA, PGDCA

PSG Institute of Management

jsekkizhar@rediffmail.com

PSGIM Dr.J.Sekkizhar

How many Tools are necessary for a good research?

PSGIM Dr.J.Sekkizhar

Statistical tools?
Descriptive statistics

Graphs Tables Averages,etc Estimation Testing of hypothesis

Inferential statistics

PSGIM Dr.J.Sekkizhar

Uni or Bi Variate Techniques

Metric Data One Sample * t test * Z test Two or More Samples

Non-numeric Data Two or More Samples

One Sample * * * * * Frequency Chi-Square K-S Runs Binomial Independent * * * * * Chi-Square Mann-Whitney Median K-S K-W ANOVA

Independent * Two- Group t test * Z test * One-Way ANOVA

Related * Paired t test *Correlati on *Regressi on

Related * Sign * Wilcoxon signed rank * McNemar * Chi-Square

PSGIM Dr.J.Sekkizhar

Multivariate Techniques
Dependence Technique One Dependent Variable * CrossTabulation * Analysis of Variance and Covariance * Multiple Regression * Conjoint Analysis More Than One Dependent Variable * Multivariate Analysis of Variance and Covariance * Canonical Correlation * Multiple Discriminant Analysis Interdependence Technique Variable Interdependence * Factor Analysis Interobject Similarity * Cluster Analysis * Multidimensional Scaling

PSGIM Dr.J.Sekkizhar

PSGIM Dr.J.Sekkizhar

ANOVA/t
Nature of the

Regress/correl

Discriminant

Chi-sqr

dependent
variables

Metric

Metric

Categorical

Categorical

Nature of the

independent Categorical
variables

Metric

Metric

Categorical

PSGIM Dr.J.Sekkizhar

Statistical hypotheses
Comparison Relationships

PSGIM Dr.J.Sekkizhar

Comparison tools
One sample t test Paired sample t test Independent (Two) sample t test Levine's F test ANOVA (F) test etc

PSGIM Dr.J.Sekkizhar

Relationship tools
Association of attributes Correlation Regression etc.

PSGIM Dr.J.Sekkizhar

Parametric
Large Small sample sample Univariate
Z test t, Chisqr

Non-parametric
Large Small sample sample
Z test Run, KS, Sign, signed rank

Bivariate
Multivariate

--Do--

t, F, (one way)ANOVA, correlation, regression

Two way ANOVA, MANOVA,
PSGIM Dr.J.Sekkizhar

--Do--

--Do Chisqr, McNemar,KS, Mann-Whitney, Krushkall wallis

Friedman

Factor, Cluster Analyses

Equivalent tests
Paired sample t test = Sign test Indep sample t test = Mann-Whitny U ANOVA = Kruskal Wallis Correlation = Chi-sqr associa

PSGIM Dr.J.Sekkizhar

Dependent variable(s)

Scales
Independent variable(s)

Nominal/ Ordinal

Interval/ Ratio

Nominal

Ordinal

Interval/Ratio

Chi-square, Indep t, ANOVA, McNemar MANOVA, test ANOCOVA --Do---Do Factorial ANOVA, Response surface methodology Discriminant Regression, Analysis, Correlation Probit regression
PSGIM Dr.J.Sekkizhar

Softwares for Statistical tools

SPSS MiniTab SAS Systat AMOS Medicalc Eviews Microfit Designexpert Splus

PSGIM Dr.J.Sekkizhar

Free wares
PSPP Openstat Past Visual PLS Gpower 3.0 Analysis Toolpack of Excel

PSGIM Dr.J.Sekkizhar