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Neuroscience (Psy2042)
J.Jackson@leedstrinity.ac.uk
Fluid Balance
Intracellular Fluid (67%)
Extracellular Fluid
Volumetric Thirst
Lamina Terminalis
Anterior Cingulate
Empty Stomach?
Stomach releases the hormone
Ghrelin (GH Releasin)
When stomach full, the release
of Ghrelin is suppressed
Reproductive Behaviour
XX: Female
XY: Male
X
Y
Lecture Aims
Sexual Development
Hormones (Menstruation)
Male/Female Behaviour
Sexual Orientation
Reproduction
Pretty vital…(!)
Human beings are “sexually
Women
Fertilisation
Female: X
Male: X or Y
Sex Organs (Gonads)
Until 6th week, male and female
foetuses are identical
Gonads become ovaries
2] Androgens
Sexual Maturation
Secondary sexual characteristics
are not present at birth:
Puberty
Hypothalamus
Gonadotropin-releasing
hormones (GnRH)
Pituitary Gland
Gonadotropic hormones
Gonadotropic Hormones
Follicle-Stimulating Luteinising Hormone
Hormone (FSH) (LH)
Harris and Jacobson (1951, 1952)
They swapped pituitary glands
Behaviour
Computer-generated (Smith, 2005)
Male Behaviour
Intromission (entry)
Pelvic Thrusting
Ejaculation
Refractory period
Male Aggression
Adult males fight for territory
and access to females
Androgen (e.g. Testosterone)
Occurs prenatally
Again at puberty
Male Aggression
92% of car horn “tooting” is
done by men
96% of burglaries
88% of murders
Failure of androgenisation?
The Human brain
Male and Female versions:
Corpus Callosum
0.800
Arms/stature ratio
Arms/Legs
Ratio
0.790
0.780
0 1 2 3 4 5
Hetero Homo Homo Hetero
Ward (1972)
Maternal stress in rats:
Confined pregnant mothers
Exposure to bright light
Pinel (7e)
Pinel (7e)