Chapter 9.

1 –Cellular
Reproduction
NWRC – BIO 30
Nancie martin
 Section 9.1 Page 244-247
• Do large cells perform tasks more
efficiently than small cells?
Bigger isn’t bigger at the cellular level
Small cells transport substances more
efficiently than large cells . Diffusion is a
slow process, the larger the cell the less
efficient transport within it becomes
 Cell Size
• Calculate a cells
surface area and it’s
volume to determine
ratio of area to
volume – the larger
the ratio the more
efficient the cell is.
Smaller cells have
higher ratios.
 Cell Size
• To calculate the
surface area of a cell
multiple the LXWX #
of sides
• To calculate the
volume multiply
LXWXH
• You will note that the
ratio increases as the
size of the cell
decreases making
smaller cells more
efficient
 The Cell Cycle
• Cells reproduce by a
cycle of growing and
dividing in 2 – this is
called the cell cycle
• There are 3 main stages
of the cell cycle
• Interphase
• Mitosis
• Cytokinesis
 You need a piece of paper and some coloured
pencils to follow along with this demo on the cell
cycle
This
happens
here!
M A T
P
• Video on mitosis

• Mitosis demo
This
happens
here!!
 M A T
P
 G1 phase:
The period
prior to the
synthesis of
DNA. In this
phase, the
cell
increases in
M A T mass in
P preparation
for cell
division.
Note that
G1 the G in G1
represents
gap and the
1
represents
first, so the
G1 phase is
the first
gap phase
 M A T
P

S phase: The
period during
which DNA is
synthesized.
G1
In most cells,
there is a
narrow
window of
time during
which DNA is
synthesized.
s Note that the
S represents
synthesis.
G2 phase: The
period after
DNA synthesis
has occurred
but prior to the
start of M A T
P
prophase. The
cell
synthesizes
proteins and
continues to G1
increase in G2
size. Note that
the G in G2
represents gap
and the 2
represents
second, so the
G2 phase is
the second S
gap phase.
 The Cell Cycle
• The cell cycle is an ordered set of events,
culminating in cell growth and division into two
daughter cells. Non-dividing cells not
considered to be in the cell cycle. The stages,
pictured on previous slide, are G1-S-G2-M.
The G1 stage stands for "GAP 1". The S stage
stands for "Synthesis". This is the stage when
DNA replication occurs. The G2 stage stands
for "GAP 2". The M stage stands for "mitosis",
and is when nuclear (chromosomes separate)
and cytoplasmic (cytokinesis) division
occur.(your book adds C as a separate stage)
Mitosis is further divided into 4 phases
 Assessment
• 1. When the cell increases in size
transport of nutrients and wastes across
the plasma membrane and control of cell
contents by the nucleus becomes
increasingly difficult
 Assessment
• 2. Interphase Mitosis and Cytokinesis
 Assessment
• 3. DNA is replicated during the S phase
 Assessment
• 4.