PRINCIPLES AND METHODS OF TEACHING

Method = an integral part of teaching; = influences a teachers entire performance in a given learning situation = a systematic plan to achieve a learning objective = a procedure that must be followed strictly to attain a goal

= series of related and progressive

acts performed by the teacher and students to achieve the objectives of a lesson = a well-planned procedure that

guides
the direction in undertaking a learning activity = a pattern or manner of treating people, objects and events, that is

directed

Strategy = suggests a teachers unique way of presenting a topic for the learners, characterized by adeptness in performing the steps with utmost care to ensure the attainment of a learning objective

Techniques = refer to the art, style or manner of a teachers performance in following a procedure = it includes ones ability or expertise in carrying out a task in a cautious and watchful way An alert teacher may vary her technique in a class demonstration by using more attractive familiar materials in the room, instead of what is commonly used.

Teaching = instructing, tutoring or education = stands for pedagogy, training and nurturing

ROLES OF METHODS 1. Serves as a guide in preparing all the materials, simple tools and equipment that will be needed. 2. Activities or learning tasks that will be performed could be determined, including the approximate time to be allotted for each and the proper sequencing to be followed. 3. How the activities will be performed in order to progress in the right direction will be clearly understood and anticipated by the leaders if some are assigned.

4. A method that will require movement from one place to another will be planned with much care to avoid confusion, unnecessary delays and time wastage. 5. The instructional objective that would be highlighted will dictate the method to be employed. 6. The method will serve as a fuide in observing performance indicators, that is, whether the students are progressing or finding dsifficulty in the procedure. An on-the-spot revision could be undertaken.

7. The method employed could help plan the assessment instruments that could reveal whether the objective has been achieved. 8. A well-planned procedure will add to a strong feeling of confidence and security for the teacher as well for the students. 9. It is so fulfilling and gratifying for a teacher to develop competence in deciding on a method to use and implementing it successfully.

CRITERIA FOR METHOD SELECTION 1. Objective to be pursued. - start with the goal, aim or purpose 2. Subject to be taught. - nature and scope of the subject dictates the method to be employed 3. Instructional equipment, tools and materials 4. The students abilities. - the teacher should consider whether the students are equipped with dexterity before deciding to employ a procedure with such demands

- Verbal and writing abilities must likewise be assessed before the students are immersed into oral and written activities. 5. The students interests. -Self-motivation can likewise be of great help. 6. Previous learning or experience - background knowledge is needed to connect the present learning tasks being planned

7. The kind of participation expected. - whole class participation - individual-oriented procedures 8. Context of the teaching situation - time and place or where and when the teaching chores will be conducted 9. Knowledge and ability of the teacher - knowledgeable about a wide variety of teaching methodologies and be skilled in employing each of them

10. Safety Precautions - safety measures to be undertaken if it will take them to the field and reminders on proper behavior