THE NEW ENGLAND COLONIES

Massachusetts / Connecticut / Rhode Island / New Hampshire

Voyage of the Mayflower

England had broken away from the Catholic Church and formed the Church of England Separatists wanted to break away from the Church of England completely King James persecuted the Separatists, and they moved to Holland where tolerance was practiced Eventually the Separatists asked the Virginia Company to settle in America

Plymouth Founded
After landing far north of Virginia, the Pilgrims started a colony at Cape Cod called Plymouth Because no government existed, the Mayflower Compact was written The Pilgrims would have starved if Squanto had not helped them survive by teaching them to plant crops In the fall of 1621, the first Thanksgiving was celebrated between the Pilgrims and the Native Americans

The First Thanksgiving

Puritans Come to Massachusetts Bay

Puritans wanted to reform the Church of England and were persecuted In 1630, 11 ships arrived in Massachusetts Bay to form a colony. Boston was founded. Between 1630 and 1640 about 20,000 settlers crossed the Atlantic = Great Migration Puritans set up congregations, and believed in hard work, education, and representative government.

New Colonies Start

Puritans in Massachusetts started disagreeing with each other and banned people from the colony. Colonists took land from natives Forced people to attend church Forced beliefs on others Combined church and state Roger Williams was banished and set up the colony of Rhode Island and guaranteed religious freedom.

More Dissenters
Anne Hutchinson was banned because she held discussions that challenged church authority. She went to Rhode Island Her brother-in-law left too and set up a town in what would become New Hampshire Quakers were persecuted by Puritans with brutal punishments and executions because they spoke openly about a different faith

Resources of New England

Subsistence farming because of short growing season Lived in close communities and had a common Best whaling and fishing grounds Excellent wood/timber to build ships New England was trading and getting wealthy

Navigation Acts
The Mother Country is supposed to get rich because of mercantilism. Navigation Acts said: All goods had to be carried on English ships Tobacco, wood and sugar could only be sold to England or its colonies Imports had to go through English ports Taxes on goods not shipped to England Smuggling and piracy flourished because

Atlantic Trade
Rum and iron would go to Africa from New England Slaves would leave Africa and go to the West Indies Sugar and molasses would go to New England New England got rich from selling fish to West Indies to feed slaves 2% of the population were slaves in New England, many bought their freedom

The Triangular Trade

Triangular Trade Part Deux

War with the Indians

Native Americans did not like all the colonists taking their land The Wampanoag chief, Metacom, led the first attack against the colonists. (To the English he was known as King Philip.) Other tribes joined the Wampanoag and fought King Philips War 12 Puritan towns were destroyed, 40 others were attacked

King Philip

War continued
The Pequot and Mohegans helped the colonists learn to track natives and ambush them. In 1676, the war ended. Many natives were killed while others were sold into slavery. After the war ended colonists were able to go deeper into Native American land.

Changes in Society
Puritans lost power as more and more settlers arrived with different beliefs. Salem Witchcraft Trials: girls pretended to be bewitched and accused some of witchcraft. 100 were arrested 19 were hung (plus 2 dogs) Years later the girls admitted to accusing falsely

An Accused Witch

Legacy from the Puritans

Puritan work ethic High regard for education Opposition to monarchy (rule by a king) Support for representative government Practice of voting on decisions