By Catur Wiranto

What is a sentence?
A sentence is a group of words which has at least a subject and a predicate and has a complete meaning. These are sentences 1. He drinks tea every morning. 2. They live in Bantul now. 3. She cried last night. 4. I am sad now. 5. He was fat last year.

These are not sentences: 1. Yesterday my brother and my sister. (There is no predicate.) 2. The beautiful young lady. (There is no predicate.) 3. Is very tired now. (There is no subject.) 4. Last night he called. (This is not a complete meaning.) 5. Every day they make. (This is not a complete meaning.)

Exercise
Do the following instruction! a. Decide which ones are complete sentences and which ones are not. b. Explain why the non sentences are not the sentences. c. Change the non sentences to be (correct) sentences.
My new classmate from Brazil. 2. He speaks three languages fluently. 3. Is very handsome.
1.

4. When he arrived. 5. He wants to start his own business. 6. He isnt married. 7. Enjoys many sports, especially soccer. 8. Dont worry! 9. Help! 10. They didnt like. 11. Because they are new students. 12. They dont want.

Another definition of a sentence in English

A sentence is a group of words that contains at least a subject and a verb and expresses a complete thought. These are sentences: 1. The man bought a new car. 2. He looks tired. 3. He is a student. 4. Its hot today. 5. Go! (The subject in this sentence is you.)

These are not sentences: 1. Hot weather. (There is no verb) 2. The man bought. (This is not a complete thought.) 3. Because it rained. (This is not a complete thought.) 4. Is very handsome. (There is no subject.) 5. Every morning before breakfast. (There is no subject or verb.)

Types of a sentence
Simple Sentence 2. Compound Sentence 3. Complex Sentence
1.

Simple Sentence
Simple sentence is a sentence which has one subject and one predicate. For example: 1. I live in Sleman. 2. He loves you. 3. My father works in Jakarta.

SIMPLE SENTENCE PATTERN 1

S + TO BE + C (adj, n, adv)
For Example: 1. I was sick yesterday. 2. He is a lecturer. 3. They are in the canteen.

SIMPLE SENTENCE PATTERN 2

S + SENSORY VERBS + C (adj) Sensory Verbs: Feel, look, sound, seem, taste For example: 1. I feel happy. 2. You look strange. 3. It sounds great. 4. It seems impossible.

SIMPLE SENTENCE PATTERN 3

S + P (Intransitive Verb) (Without an object)
For example: 1. I live in Bantul. 2. He works at Amikom. 3. She cried again last night.

SIMPLE SENTENCE PATTERN 4

S + P (Transitive Verb) + O
For example: 1. I drink tea every morning. 2. He eats meat every day. 3. She read a novel last night.

SIMPLE SENTENCE PATTERN 5

S + P + IO + DO
For example: 1. He asked me a lot of questions. 2. He gives me some money every week. 3. Education costs us a lot of money. IO = Indirect Object = Manusia DO = Direct Object = Benda

Exercise
Translate and identify the patterns of the following simple sentences. 1. Aku sudah mematikan lampu itu. 2. Dia suka kamu. 3. Kamu kelihatan aneh kemarin. 4. Aku akan mengirimi dia sebuah surat peringatan. 5. Mereka di depan ku sekarang. 6. Dia bukan bos ku sekarang. 7. Joko akan menunjukkan mu kampus Amikom nanti. 8. Kamu tidak meminjami ku pulpen kemarin. 9. Berenang adalah hobiku. 10. Cita-citaku adalah naik haji.

Exercise
Do the following instruction! a. Translate the following sentences into English. b. Change the sentences into positive, negative, Yes/No question, and QW question c. Write their formulas d. Write their meanings in Indonesian