Synthesis Of Biodiesel

Over Zirconia Supported Isopoly and

Heteropoly Tungstates

By
Bharathi Kannamma.M
Kaviya.S.R

II Year, B.Tech (BioTech)

Introduction
 Biodiesel is a green fuel that is safe,
renewable, non-toxic and biodegradable.
 Biodiesel is produced by esterification of oils
with methanol in the presence of a catalyst.
 The catalyst are in use are:
 Homogenous bases
 Homogenous acids
Need and justification
 But Homogenous catalysts pose various
problems like:
 Unwanted reactions-incase of base catalysts.
 separation of catalyst, high molar ratio and
temperature requirements.
 serious environmental and corrosion related
problems.
 Heterogenous (solid) catalysts are being
considered as replacement for the liquid ones.
Need and justification (contd…)
 Among the solid catalysts,Zirconia(ZrO2) has
the following advantages:
 It has high stability.
 Amphoteric characteristics on its surface.
 We study the activity of tungstates as they are
reported
 To stabilse ZrO2.
 To increase its surface area.
 The deactivated catalyst could be regenerated
without appreciable loss in activity
Objectives
 To synthesize biodiesel from vegetable oil using
zirconia supported iso & heteropoly tungstates
as the catalyst.
 To compare their catalytic activity and
characterize them.
 To determine the catalyst that gives better
yield of biodiesel with lesser polluting
byproducts.
METHODOLOGY
Preparation of catalysts
 Zirconium oxyhydroxide:
Hydrolysis of zirconyl chloride.
 Zirconia supported isopoly tungstates:
Zirconium oxyhydroxide + ammonium
metatungstate.
 Zirconia supported HPA:
Dried zirconium Oxyhydroxide + methanol
solution of Silico Tungstic Acid and Phospho
Tungstic Acid.
Esterification
 Vegetable oil, methanol and catalyst were
autoclaved at 160–200 C for 5 hrs.
Catalyst Testing
 The reaction mixture is:
 Rotary evaporated.
 Treated with petroleum.
 Glycerol, unreacted oil are separated &
weighed.
 The effective conversion of oil under the
reaction conditions was estimated.
Characterization of catalysts
 SURFACE AREA:
 The interaction of iso & heteropoly tungstate
catalysts with zirconia
• stabilizes its tetragonal phase.
• leads to an increase in surface area.
 RAMAN SPECTRA:
 To study the nature of tungsten species
present in different catalysts.
Characterization… Contd..

 X-RAY DIFFRACTION:
 To study the bulk structure of pure ZrO2,
zirconia-supported isopoly and heteropoly
tungstates.
 CATALYTIC ACTIVITY:
 Reactions are to be conducted at different
• Temperatures(160-200 °C)
• Molar ratios of methanol to oil
to determine the conditions for effective production
of biodiesel.
Characterization… Contd..

 FTIR pyridine adsorption:

 To characterize the surface acidity-
• Lewis acidity.
• Brønsted acidity.
 AMMONIA ADSORPTION-DESORPTION
TECHNIQUE:
 To determine the strength of acid sites present on
the catalyst surface.
Deliverables
 Determination of the catalyst giving more than
95% conversion of oil to biodiesel.
 Thus biodiesel can be made more economical
and reliable.
 It can be used to replace fossil fuels almost
completely.
References
 Synthesis of biodiesel over zirconia-supported isopoly
and heteropoly tungstate catalysts
 G. Sunita a, Biju M. Devassy b,*, Ajayan Vinu c,
Dhanashri P. Sawant c,V.V. Balasubramanian c, S.B.
Halligudi b,*
• a Department of Civil Engineering, Basavewshwar
Engineering College, Bagalkot 587102, India
• b Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Division,
National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411 008,
India
• c Nano-Ionics Materials Group, National Institute
for Materials Science, 1-1, Namiki, Tsukuba, Japan
THANK
YOU..!!