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RESEARCH
Research means
To
Research seeks answers to questions in an orderly and systematic way. It is a method of problem solving.
Definition of Research It is diligent (careful), systematic inquiry or study that Validates and refines existing knowledge and develops new knowledge .
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NURSING RESEARCH
Definitions A scientific process that validates and refines existing knowledge and generates new knowledge that directly and indirectly influences clinical nursing practice. Nursing research is systematic inquiry designed to develop knowledge about issues of importance to the nursing profession, including nursing practice, education, administration, and informatics.
For the continuous growth of nursing profession. Helps nursing to achieve its own professional identity. Helps to identify the boundaries of nursing. To define the parameters of nursing. For cost containment practices.
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In the Philippines, nursing research prior to and during the 60s was mostly in nursing administration 51%, and nursing education (33%), while patient care and related studies received minimal attention, with only 13% and 3% respectively. The teaching of research in the undergraduate level was integrated in the curriculum in the mid-sixties. It was aimed at familiarizing the students with skills in scientific investigations, developing a positive attitude toward research, and enhancing interest in their own studies. At this time the only research university in the Philippines is DLSU and the country is lagging behind from other Asian countries in the race of producing research studies.
Numerous clinical practice changes over the past 2 decades reflect the impact of research. For example, a recent nursing study documented that Kangaroo care (the holding of diaperclad preterm infants skin-to-skin, chest-to-chest by parents) now widely practiced in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in the United States (Engler et al., 2002), but this is new trend. As recently as the early 1990s, only a minority of NICUs offered kangaroo care options. The adoption of this practice reflects the accumulating evidence that early skin-to-skin contact has clinical benefits without any apparent negative side effects (Anderson et al, 2003) some of that accumulated evidence was developed in rigorous studies by nurse researcher in the United States, Australia, Canada, Taiwan, and other countries (Chwo et al, 2002).
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Began with Florence Nightingale over 150 years ago (1850). In (1859) describes her initial research activities which looked at the importance of leading environment in promoting physical and mental well being
In addition collected the data of morbidity from Crimean War this made the military provide:
Enough food. Clear quarters for the sick. Appropriate medical treatment.
drastically reduces mortality from 43% up-to 2% in the Crimean War. Testing public water Improve sanitation preventing starvation.
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1900- 20s
In-depth analysis and systematic description of one patient or group to promote understanding of nursing Research. Little research done except for a few important educational studies recommending establishing School of nursing in a university. (Gold mark report, 1923)
First doctoral program for nurses was at Teachers college in Colombia. (NYC) in 1924.
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1950
American
Nurse Association (ANA) initiated a five year study on nursing functions and activities. Clinical Research began Research took on new importance due to vision of Virginian Henderson & Faye Abdullah;
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could see more nurses with Master's degree and School of Nursing began introducing research as a separate course
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1952
First Journal Of Nursing Research published. Researches conducted at Baccalaureate and masters level.
1953
The institute of Research and services in Nursing education established at teachers collage Columbia University, New York.
Provided
studies.
late 60's saw more research being done that imported clinical and quality of care
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1970's
Saw nursing process as focus for many studies. Saw increase in number of nursing theories and models. Image: Journal of nursing scholarly, first published in 1967 and Advance in nursing science in 1978 ( Including Nursing Theories) by STTI.
1980's
Saw many new journals being published e.g. Cancer nursing; Pediatric nursing, Dimension of critical care nursing etc.., Applied nursing research.
Clinical research written priority of the 80's
The ANA achieved a victory by establishing the National Center for Nursing Research in 1985.
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Effectiveness
HIV/AIDS.
Cognitive Living
impairment.
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Description
Explanation
Explains the existing knowledge in relation to the effect and the outcome
Like bed sore occur in the old people due to lack of mobility
Prediction
Control
With evidence based practice, research provides the best clinical evidence in making patient care decisions. Nurses are accepting the need to base specific nursing actions and decisions on evidence indicating that the actions are clinically appropriate and cost-effective, and result in positive outcomes for clients. Nurses who incorporate high-quality research evidence into their clinical decisions and advice are being professionally accountable to their clients. Another reason for nurses to engage in research involves the spiraling costs of health care and the cost-containment practices being instituted in health care facilities. nurses need to document the effectiveness of their practice not only to the profession but also to nursing care consumers, health care administrators, third-party payers (e.g., insurance companies), and government agencies.
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understand a particular nursing situation about which little is known, assess the need for an intervention, identify factors that must be considered in planning nursing care, predict the probable outcomes of certain nursing decisions, control the occurrence of undesired outcomes, provide advice to enhance client health, and initiate activities to promote appropriate client behavior
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BSN Degree
Critiquing & synthesizing research findings from nursing profession and other discipline for use in practice. 2. Provide valuable assistance in identifying research problems and collecting data for studies.
1.
Master's degree
1. To lead health care teams
Making essential changes in nursing practice Health care system based on research
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CONTINUE
Doctoral Degree 1. Assume a major role in the conduct of research. 2. Generation of nursing knowledge in a selected area of interest.
Post doctoral degree 1. Assumed a full researcher role and has a funded program of research 2. Develop and coordinate funded research
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4.
5.
6.
7.
Advocate of client or respondents during study Major/ principal Investigator Evaluator of a research findings Research problem identifier Informants/respondents/subjects/ participants or sample population Consumer of research findings Associate or member of research team
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THE FUTURE
1. Future focus is on outcome research assess and document the effectiveness of health care services 2. Future focus is on biophysiologic research 3. Promotion of evidence based practice research findings into research
4.
Development of a stronger knowledge base thru multiple, confirmatory strategies, Replication of studies with different clients in different clinical settings and at different times to ensure that the findings are robust. Trend is from in patient care to ambulatory care.
Patient focused research The management processes within health care services Cultural issues for nurses and patients The history of nursing Ethical decision making Nursing and professional regulation Education of nurses Nursing workforce skills mix
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REFERENCES
Polit, D.F., and Bech, C.T. Nursing Research; principles and Methods 7th edition, LWW. Burns, N., and Grove, S.K. (2007). Understanding Nursing Research; building an evidence based practice 4th edition, New Delhi, Elsevier. Anonymous, (n.d). Promoting Research in Clinical Practice: Strategies for Implementing Research Initiatives. Journal of Trauma Nursing, April/June 2009
Acknowledgements
Dr. Fauziya Ali Ph.D Tazeen Saeed Ali RN, RM, BScN, MSc ( Epidemiology)
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