Sewerage system is the system or process used to convey wastewater and storm water to a treatment plant or to carry to the

point of disposal. It is classified as a) Separate system b) Combine system c) Partially separate system

A) SEPARATE SYSTEM
When

sanitary and storm water sewer network are laid separately then the system is called separate system. Sanitary sewer carries a mixture of household and commercial sewage n industrial water waste. Storm sewer carries mainly surface storm runoff from roof, street and parking lots.

Separate system

Separate system

Separate system

ADVANTAGE:
Quantity

to be treated is small which result in economic design of treatment work. Cheaper because only sanitary sewage flow is closed conduit and storm water and be taken through open drain. Cheaper if pumping is required. No fear of stream pollution. Storm water can be directly disposed to stream.

Separate system

DISADVANTAGE:
Sewers are of small size so it is difficult to clean . Likely to chocked. Two separate sewers may ultimately prove to be costly. Self cleaning velocity is not available sue to small quantity of sewage. Risk of entry of storm sewage in sanitary sewage which cause overflow and heavy load on treatment plant. Storm water sewage is only used during rainy season and in other season these may serve as dumping place. Uneasy in house plumbing because two sets of pipe will be required.

B) COMBINE SYSTEM
When

only one sewage is laid to carry both sewage and storm ware then the system is called combine system. Combine system is most suitable in areas having small rainfall which is evenly distributed throughout the year. Also in crowded area where it is difficult to lay two sewers.

Combine system

Combine system

Combine system

Combine system

ADVANTAGE:
Self

cleaning velocity is available due to more quantity of water. Rainwater dilutes the sewage so treatment process is easy and economical. No chance of chocking sue to large size and availability of rainwater. Maintenance cost is reduced so only one set of sewage. House plumbing is easy and economic because of only one set of pipe required.

Combine system

DISADVANTAGE:
High initial cost due to more depth of laying because of large size of sewer. If whole sewage is to be disposed off by pumping it is uneconomical. During heavy rainfall the overflowing of sewage will endanger the public health. Unnecessary pollution of rain water. Not suitable for areas having very less rainfall because self cleaning velocity cant be achieved in dry period and also may get problem of silting. Handling and transportation is difficult due to large size sewers.

Separate system

Combine system

The quantity of sewage to be treated is less because no treatment of storm water is to be done. Suitable for area having more rainfall intensity. Pumping cost is low due to less quantity. Cheaper because storm water can be convey in open drain and only sanitary sewer is closed and under grounded. Less degree of sanitation is achieved as storm water is directly disposed without treatment. Not suitable in areas having small rainfall throughout the year. Difficult to lay is narrow streets. House plumbing is uneasy due to two set of pipe.

Treatment of sewage as well as storm water is to be done, the treatment cost is high. Suitable for area having less rainfall intensity. Pumping cost is high due to large quantity. Expensive because both storm and sanitary sewage is conveyed through one large closed and under grounded. High degree of sanitation can be achieved.

Suitable is this case.

Suitable in narrow streets. House plumbing is easy due to one set of pipe.

Partially separates system

C) PARTIALLY SEPARATE SYSTEM:

If a portion of storm water is allowed to enter in sanitary sewer and remaining storm sewer into open drain, the system is called partially separate system. Only one underground sewers is laid. Usually storm water from roof, yards and pavement are allowed to inter sanitary sewer and remaining into open drain.

Partially separates system

Partially separates system

Partially separates system

ADVANTAGE:
It combines the advantage of both the separate as well as the combine systems. The storm water permitted in sewers eliminates its chances of chocking. Work of house plumbing is reduced as storm water and waster water can be taken in same pipe. Sewers are of reasonable size n cleaning is not very difficult.

Partially separates system

DISADVANTAGE
Storm

water increase the load on treatment. Storm water also increase the cost of pumping. In dry weather, the self cleaning velocity may not be achieved.