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EM spectrum Why Metamaterials? Introduction to Metamaterials Properties of Metamaterials How to Design Metamaterials? Split Ring Resonators (SRR) Tunable Metamaterials Applications of Metamaterials
Why MEMS? How to actuate the MEMS structure? Principles of electrothermal actuation of MEMS Design of MEMS structure for tunable metamaterials
EM spectrum
All EM waves except the EM waves in the range of THz respond to natural materials.
Why Metamaterials?
The band of frequency in EM spectrum between radio waves and IR light is THz gap. Its is defined as 0.1 to 10THz. EM waves in this range does not respond to natural materials. Thus we have to develop metamaterials, which can show unusual natural material properties, so that it can respond to the THz range of EM waves.
Introduction to Metamaterials
Whats in a name?
- Meta- means altered, changed or higher, beyond Why are they called Metamaterials? - Existing materials only exhibit a small subset of electromagnetic properties theoretically available
- Metamaterials can have their electromagnetic properties altered to something beyond what can be found in nature.
- Can achieve negative index of refraction, zero index of refraction, magnetism at optical frequencies, etc.
Metamaterials
Artificial, structured (in subwavelength scale) materials
Electromagnetic (EM) properties derive from shape and distribution of constituent units (usually metallic & dielectric components)
EM properties not-encountered in natural materials
EM properties
Properties of Metamaterials
Metamaterial is a periodic material that derives its properties from its structure rather than its components Depending on the structure , metamaterials may have refractive index less than 1 and even negative They are assemblies of multiple individual elements fashioned from conventional microscopic materials such as metals or plastics, but the materials are usually arranged in periodic patterns Their precise shape, geometry, size, orientation and arrangement can affect the waves of light or sound in an unconventional manner, creating material properties which are unachievable with conventional materials
Properties of Metamaterials
Negative index of refraction, Backward waves and Sub-wavelength imaging In negative index metamaterials (NIM), both permittivity and permeability are negative resulting in a negative index of refraction. When a negative index of refraction occurs, propagation of the electromagnetic wave is reversed. Resolution below the diffraction limit becomes possible. This is known as Sub wavelength imaging.
Properties of Metamaterials
Properties of Metamaterials
Left Handed Materials (LHMs)
if E is along the positive x direction and H along the positive y direction, the wave will propagate along the negative z direction in a LHM
Conventional materials
Tunable metamaterials
A metamaterial with a variable response to an incident electromagnetic wave. The response includes the capability to determine whether the EM wave is transmitted, reflected, or absorbed Allow arbitrary adjustments to frequency changes in the refractive index. the lattice structure of the tunable metamaterial is adjustable in real time, making it possible to reconfigure a metamaterial device during operation
Applications of Metamaterials
There'd be plenty of applications in the civilian world as well, even for rudimentary cloaking devices.
For example, to create receptacles to shield sensitive medical devices from disruption by MRI scanners, or build cloaks to route cellphone signals around obstacles.
Potential applications of metamaterials are diverse:
remote aerospace applications, sensor detection and infrastructure monitoring, smart solar power management,
LIGHT RAYS
METAMATERIAL
Why MEMS?
To control the transmission and reection properties of metamaterials More drastic change of THz transmission performance by geometrically changing the metamaterial unit cells
Figure 1