Types of participative programs

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Introduction

Participative management, otherwise known as employee involvement or participative decision making, encourages the involvement of stakeholders at all levels of an organization in the analysis of problems, development of strategies, and implementation of solutions.

Types of participative programs

Consultative management

Suggestion programs Middlemanagement committees

Programs emphasizing quality

Employee ownership plan

Selfmanaging teams

Consultative management

In consultative management , the managers ask their employees to think about issues, share their expertise, and contribute their own ideas before a decision is made. The managers may not consult their employees on every issue.

Suggestion programs

The process by which a physical or mental state is influenced by a thought or idea. It invite individual employees to make suggestion for work improvements. Employees whose suggestions results in cost saving for the organization are given monetary rewards that are proportionate to the companys savings.

Limitations of suggestion programs

Employee initiative

Demoralizing

Critism

Programs emphasizing quality

Organizations have to continuously strive to deliver better goods and services at lower prices. Some organization succeed flourish while some fade to tend away. Work-improvement committees, involvement teams, labor-management committees etc, are the managements who realized the importance of quality and organize groups.

Approaches of programs emphasizing quality

Quality circles

Total quality management

Middle-management committees

They are aimed at improving the participation of managers below top organizational levels. The managers form a part of a junior board of directors and are given the opportunity to study any problem and to recommend course of action. The recommendations of middle-management committees are usually implemented by the top management.

Self-managing teams

Self managing teams are natural work groups that are given a large degree of decision-making autonomy; they are expected to control their own behavior and results

Employee ownership plans

Employees can become owners of stock by purchasing shares directly, by being given a grant of shares or options to buy shares, by being given equity rights that translate into the value of shares (such as phantom stock or stock appreciation rights), through worker cooperatives, or by the ownership of shares through some kind of employee trust.

conclusion
You give worker an inch and he gives you back a mile

If applied properly participative program acts as a boon and increases efficiency, effectiveness and performance of employee and work performed by them

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