HOSPITAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS (HWWTP)

( Contract Agreement No. 139/ ag!ro/PM/ ."or/#II/$%%1

A&&. No. %3'/ ag!ro/PM/ ."or/(I/$%%$ )

INLAN, TRAININ- MAN+AL

Octo2er $%%3

MINISTR) O* HEALTH O* THE REP+ LIC O* IN,ONESIA 1

0+ALIT) CONTROL TEAM HOSPITAL WASTE WATER TREATMENT PLANT PRO.ECT

SAMNE+N- CONSTR+CTION CO./ LT,.

Content3
Intro&8ct5on Environment laws & regulations
Wa3te7ater E9968ent Stan&ar&

T4e 4o3!5ta6 7a3te7ater 3o8rce3 T4e 4o3!5ta6 7a3te7ater c4aracter53t5c3 Im!act re&8c5ng met4o&3 5n 25oreactor

T4e c4aracter53t5c3 o9 4o3!5ta6 7a3te7ater

,e35gn

a353 9or HWWTP

,e35gn 96o7 rate In968ent an& target =8a65t: *6o7 26oc< &5agram ,e35gn Cr5ter5a Po668tant Remo@a6 E995c5enc: o9 +n5t Proce33 Proce33 2r5e9 &e3cr5!t5on Proce33 *6o7 ,5agram La: O8t Sect5on ,ra75ng

O!erat5on 1 ma5ntenance man8a6

Wa3te7ater co66ect5on 3:3tem ; Pretreatment 3:3tem ; Pumping station and lift station ; S82mer3526e !8m! ; High pressure cleaner A8to ra<e 3creen E=8a65>at5on 3:3tem ; S82mer3526e M5?er an& 2899er 2a35n !8m!3 5o6og5ca6 8n5t o!erat5on3 ; Sett65ng a35n 1 Scra!er ; Root3 6o7er ; &59983er +! 96o7 956ter 3:3tem ,535n9ect5on3 3:3tem S68&ge treatment 3:3tem C5t: 7ater 38!!6: 3:3tem ; 2oo3ter !8m!

E6ectr5c 1 5n3tr8ment man8a63

a!!en&5?
+n&er3tan&5ng o9 7a3te7ater c4aracter53t5c3
+n5t3 83e& 5n 7a3te7ater treatment ;,en35t: ;Concentrat5on ;*6o7 rate *6o7 rate mea38r5ng met4o&3 ;Mea38r5ng met4o& 2: 9% Tr5ang6e 7e5r ;Mea38r5ng met4o& 2: Par34a66 968me P4:35ca6 7a3te7ater c4aracter53t5c3 ;3o65&3 C4em5ca6 7a3te7ater c4aracter53t5c3 ;Organ5c matter( O,/ CO,/ TOC/ T4O,/ NO,) 5o6og5ca6 7a3te7ater c4aracter53t5c3 ;M5croorgan53m3 ;Inorgan5c matter (PH/ N5trogen/ P4o3!4or83/ ,O)

Wa3te7ater Ana6:353 Stan&ar& ;Tem!erat8re ;!H ; O, A/ 5oc4em5ca6 O?:gen ,eman& ;,533o6@e& O?:gen ( ,O ) ;CO, ( C4em5ca6 O?:gen ,eman& ) ;TSS an& (SS ;*ree NH 3 ;PO B ( P4o3!4ate ) ;Tota6 Co659orm Biological process control 2: @538a6 5n&e?

Biological process control 2: m5croorgan53m3 5n&e?

Intro&8ct5on
t4e e?53t5ng treatment 3tate o9 4o3!5ta6 7a3te7ater T4e maCor5t: o9 4o3!5ta63 are 3t566 &53c4arg5ng t4e to56et 7a3te7ater to t4e
3e!t5c tan<3.28t t4e 3e!t5c tan<3 53 @er: 6o7 e995c5ent treatment 3:3tem. Kitchen and laundry wastewater is often directly discharged to the the surface drainage system. In some case, wastewater is also directly discharge to an irrigation system which is potable water sources. In the some hospitals, the potable water is often extracted from the ground close to the septic tanks. This potable water may be contaminated by the effluent water from septic tank. Some hospitals have the existing wastewater treatment system, but these existing wastewater systems has been abnormal function. Because it wasn t designed in consideration of the hospital wastewater characteristics and cannot adapt for changing of wastewater !ualities. "aintenance is extremely difficult as no having available spare parts. #ffluent !uality from existing wastewater treatment plant not meet effluent standards by poor !uality control techni!ues and poor analysis tools. The risk of epidemic spread of diseases usually occur by the contaminated water caused by wastewater. Conce!t o9 t4e S:3tem Man: <5n&3 !o668tant3 are 5n@o6@e& 5n 4o3!5ta6 7a3te7ater. Mo3t o9 t4e3e 53 organ5c matter3. For a long time, biological treatment systems have been used to remove organic compounds involved in wastewater. Because the operation cost of biological treatment system is most cheap among many other treatment systems. The objectives of biological treatment are to remove the nonsettleable colloids by biologic coagulation and to reduce the organic matters. This treatment system also can remove trace toxic organic compounds. In biological process, there are two major groups as such aerobic biological process, anaerobic process. Aerobic process is biological treatment process that occurs in the presence of oxygen. Anaerobic process is biological treatment process that occurs in the absence of oxygen. xisting septic tan! using in most of hospital in Indonesia is anaerobic process. Anaerobic process is low efficiency process because of the slow growth of bacteria "microorganism#. But aerobic process is high efficiency process. Aerobic process is called to act5@ate& 368&ge !roce33. A6t4o8g4 t4e act5@ate& 368&ge !roce33 5nc68&e t4e 9685&5>e& 2e& 25o956m/ contact aerat5on/ S R/ !8re o?:gen aerat5on/ aerate& 6agoon an& &ee! 3459t aerat5on. T4e 385ta26e !roce33 34o86& 2e 3e6ecte& 8n&er con35&erat5on o9 t4e c4aracter53t5c o9 7a3te7ater an& t4e 38rro8n&5ng con&5t5on3 o9 &53c4arge 9ac565t5e3. T4e !roce33 o9 t453 !roCect 53 t4e 9685&5>e& 2e& 25o956m !roce33.

A&@antage3 o9 9685&5>e& 2e& 25o956m treatment 3:3tem T4e mo3t 8n5=8e c4aracter53t5c3 o9 9685&5>e& 2e& 25o6og5ca6 !roce33 2: 5o; -reen me&5a can ma5nta5n t4e 45g4 concentrat5on 25o ma33. T4e 45g4 concentrat5on 25o ma33 attac4e& to me&5a 53 5n3en35t5@e to &53t8r2ance3 an& @ar5at5on3 5n t4e 5ncom5ng 7a3te 7ater3. T4e 3!ace o9 5oreactor can 2e a63o re&8ce& 2: ma5nta5n5ng t4e 45g4 concentrat5on 25o ma33. An ot4er 2ene95t o9 t453 !roce33 can treat 2ot4 reactor at t4e 3ame t5me. ,e35gn conce!t5on 8n&er3tan&5ng 9or o!erat5on T4e ma5n 8n5t !roce33 o9 t453 7a3te7ater treatment !6ant 53 t4e aero25c 25o6og5ca6 treatment !roce33. T4e o!erat5on o9 aero25c 25o6og5ca6 treatment !roce33 nee& 45g4 tec4n5=8e3 2eca83e t4e 25o6og5ca6 !roce33 m83t contro6 m5croorgan53m. M5croorgan53m3 53 a99ecte& 2: t4e en@5ronment 38c4 a3 t4e &533o6@e& o?:gen/ !4/ 9oo&/ n8tr5ent3/ tem!erat8re/ to?5c mater5a6/ an& ant525ot5c3. Str5ct6: 3!ea<5ng/ t4e o!erat5on o9 25o6og5ca6 treatment 53 t4e contro6 o9 9oo& to m5croorgan53m rat5o 5n 25oreactor. T4e 9oo& to m5croorgan53m rat5o m83t 2e con3tant 9or t4e goo& treatment e995c5enc:. W4ere/ 9oo& 53 O, 6oa&. M5croorgan53m3 53 tota6 mo8nt o9 m5croorgan53m3 5n 25oreactor. 8t O, 6oa& 53 96e?526e 2: t4e @ar5at5on o9 t4e 5n6et 96o7 rate an& 2: t4e @ar5at5on o9 t4e concentrat5on o9 5n6et O,. An& t4e concentrat5on o9 m5croorgan53m3 can c4ange 59 t4e a2o@e en@5ronment 53 8n385ta26e to 2acter5a. T4e 2899er 2a35n 53 9or 9ee&5ng t4e con3tant O, 6oa&. O, an& n5trogen 5n 3ame

T4e !retreatment 3:3tem 53 9or remo@5ng t4e 9at o56 t4at ma: 5m!act to 2acter5a. T4e a8to ra<e 3creen 53 9or remo@5ng t4e mater5a63 t4at ma: &amage 382mer3526e m5?er3 an& !8m!3. T4e 9685&5>e& 2e& 25o reactor 53 9or c86t5@at5ng m5croorgan53m3 an& 9or react5ng organ5c matter3 75t4 m5croorgan53m3. T4e 3ett65ng 2a35n 53 9or 3e!arat5ng t4e m5croorgan53m3 9rom 7ater. T4e 8!;96o7 956ter 53 9or remo@5ng t4e 3o65&3 t4at ma: o@er96o7 75t4 e9968ent 9rom t4e 3ett65ng 2a35n. T4e &535n9ect5on3 3:3tem 53 9or <5665ng t4e epidemic bacteria. The dewatering system is for dewatering the activated sludge for reducing the volume of the activated sludge. The operation of above each unit systems re!uire the knowledge of physical, chemical,and biological scientific techni!ues. $perators must understand the principle

Environment laws & regulations Wastewater Effluent Standard

Where, Free NH3 means N NH3, and P!" means P P!"

#he characteristics of hospital wastewater #he hospital wastewater sources

$mpact at high concentration in %iological treatment -&ntiseptic ' to(ic to micro organisms -&nti%iotic ' to(ic to micro organisms

/astewater source ,atient rooms $peration #mergency room *emodialysis room Toilet, delivery (linical ) pathologic examination room
+aboratory

"a1or materials

-$rganic materials -.mmonia -,athogenic bacteria -.ntiseptic -.ntibiotic

-Solvent organic materials -,hosphorus -*eavy metals -0lexible p* -$rganic materials, 0at oil -,hosphorus -.BS cleaner -,hosphorus -p* 2&34 -.BS, 5&*exane -.g, other heavy metal -radioactive substance

-Heav) metals' to(ic to microorganisms -Fle(i%le pH ' to(ic to microorganisms

(hicken room

-Fat oil ' low o()gen transfer to water -&BS cleaner' %u%%le forms in Bioreactor -pH * +, ' to(ic to micro organisms -&BS ' %u%%le forms in %io reactor -&g ' to(ic to microorganisms
-radioactive su%stance ' to(ic

+aundry room %&'ay processing room 'adio&isotope room

#he characteristics of hospital wastewater #he hospital wastewater characteristics

-Station wastewater such as patient rooms, operation room, delivery room, emergency room, hemodialysis room, toilet have an e!ual range to the composition of municipal wastewater with respect to ($6, B$6, 5itrogen, ,hosphorous. -.ntiseptic is made by cleaning procedures and antibiotic is produced from patient excrements and medical treatment procedures. -.ntiseptic and antibiotic are diluted by other wastewater in buffer basin. But microorganisms cannot function in state of inhibitory concentration -*eavy metals and chemical agents are mainly produced from clinical ) pathologic examination room and other +aboratory. /hen heavy metals and chemical agents are discharged to wastewater system in extremely high concentration, biological treatment system may be impacted by above materials. strong acid or strong alkaline chemicals may be also discharged from laboratory. .s compared with total wastewater, if high load mounts7load is volume times concentration8 are produced, these materials should not be dumped to the sewer but disposed separately. -The wastewater from kitchen have fats and oils in butter, margarine, and vegetable fats and oils. 0ats are among the more stable of organic compounds and are not easily decomposed by bacteria. 0ats and oils are high viscosity materials and interrupt the transfer of oxygen to wastewater. In the other hand, the fluidi9ed bed attached with fats and oils may be abnormal function. .BS cleaner is used for washing dish and kitchen tools. The form made by .BS also interrupt the transfer of oxygen to wastewater.These material are removed in the pretreatment system. $perator always should check trouble in the pretreatment system

#he characteristics of hospital wastewater #he hospital wastewater characteristics

-The laundry wastewater is characteri9ed by ,*:;. The optimum range for the biological treatment process is between <.= to 2.=. The laundry wastewater shall be e!uali9ed between <.= to ; by other wastewater in buffer basin. The laundry wastewater have .BS and some oil. The mount of these materials is up to dirty kinds and concentration. .BS and some oil are removed in pretreatment system for laundry wastewater..BS cleaner powder have high concentration phosphorous.most of phosphorous in wastewater is produced by using .BS powder for cleaning in kitchen, laboratory, laundry, etc. "icrobes utili9e phosphorous during cell synthesis and energy transport. .s a result, the influent phosphorous can be removed by wasting excessive bio&sludge during biological treatment. ,hosphorous can be removed in the proportion of about 3> to the removed B$6. -The wastewater from %&'ay processing room consist of fixing agent wastewater and developing solution wastewater. The fixing agent wastewater contains the high concentrative silver7.g8. The developing solution wastewater contains the many kind of chemicals. Silver and chemicals are toxicant to bacteria. The wastewater from %&'ay processing room will be separated and disposed in the outside of hospital. -The wastewater from radio&isotope room is very dangerous to human and animal. If hospital have radio&isotope room, this wastewater must be separated and disposed in the outside of hospital. This wastewater plant excluded the wastewater from radio&isotope room.

#he characteristics of hospital wastewater $mpact reducing methods in %ioreactor

-haracteristics

.easuring data

$mpact reducing methods in %ioreactor -Fle(i%le flow rate' .verage flow rate feeding from buffer basin for average B$6 ) hydraulic load -&ntiseptic ' diluted in Buffer basin -&nti%iotic ' diluted in Buffer basin -Fat oil from /itchen ' by pretreatment system -&BS from /itchen & 0aundr) ' by pretreat& ment and spray system
-#o(ic materials from 1 2a) room ' no inlet by separation -Heav) metals from 0a%orator) ' ,retreatment by existing septic tank -radioactive su%stance C no inlet by separation

Ph)sical characteristics
-Solids -Temperature -0low rate -TSS ?@44 mgAl -Temp ?B2 4( -0low rateC=4&D44 mBAd

-hemical characteristics
-$rganic materials &(arbohydrates &,roteins &0ats, oils &,esticides &others -Inorganic materials &*eavy metals &5itrogen &,* &,hosphorus &radioactive substance -B$67only biodegradable $rganics8 E? B44mgA+ -($67(hemical oxygen $rganics8 E? =44mgA+

-*eavy metals C low concentration -5itrogen C5&5*B free ?@mgAl -,* C <&; -,hosphorus C ,&,$D ?=mgAl -'adioactive substanceCseparation -(oliforms C ",5A344ml : 34444

Biological characteristics
-,athogenic bacteria

-Pathogenic %acteria ' no impact

3esign Basis for HWW#P 3esign flow rate

5o. Type of plant (apacity7mBAday8 3 /s =4 I /3 344 B /I I44 D /B B44 = /D D44

& 0low rate for general hospital C 4.= mBAbedAday & 0low rate for mental hospital C 4.D m BAbedAday 724> of general hospital8 & .ccording to the hospital bed number, plants are
classified = 7five8 typical types with same process

$nfluent and target 4ualit)

,arameter Temp. p* B$6 ($6 TSS 5*B 0ree ,$D
Total (oliform

Fnit G( mgA l mgA l mgA l mgA l mgA l

",5

I nfluent /aste /ater #ffluent /aste /ater B2 H D4 ? B4 <H ; <H ; ? B44 ? B4 ? =44 ? 24 ? @44 ? B4 ?@ ? 4.3 ?= ? I & ? 34,444

I ndonesian Standard 738 & <H ; ? B4 ? 24 ? B4 ? 4.3 ? I ? 34,444

A 344ml

'emark 738 Jovernment standards by "inistry of #nvironment 6ecree 5o. K#,&=2A"#5+*A3IA3;;= for li!uid waste !ualification for hospitals including sewage wastewater. The above defined !uality assurance parameters are in line with the specification of the "inistry

3esign Basis for HWW#P Flow %loc/ diagram

Pre Treatment *ac565t: *rom "5tc4en *rom La8n&r: P8m!5ng 3tat5on *rom War&/ La2orator:/ O!erat5ng Room

L59t Stat5on

Nee&e& 4o3!5ta6 on6: So65& Ho3!5ta6 Wa3te Inc5nerat5on S:3tem

Screen

899er ac<96o 7 Wa345ng

a35n

*685&5>e& e& 5o956m Reactor

S!ra: Water S68&ge Ret8rn S68&ge Storage ,e7ater5ng S:3tem

Sett65ng

a35n

Treate& Water a35n

C6ean5ng Water

+!96o7 956ter

,535n9ect5on a35n

E9968ent

C5t: ,ra5n or Ot4er3

3esign Basis for HWW#P 3esign -riteria

,rocess

Item Influent time

6esign value 34 B4 ID 3.4< B,@=4 B,444 4.B= < <4

Fnit *rAd "in *r Kg B$6AmBAd "gAl "gAl Kg B$6Akg "+KSSAd *r >

,rocess

Item 'unning time

6esign value ID IH D 34 3IH3< 4.2 3= = @ 4.2A3.=

Fnit *r *r "BAmI.6 KgAmB KgAmB "in "gAl 6ay "BAhr

+ift station Buffer basin

*'T *'T B$6 vol. +oading "+SS "+SS 0A" ratio *'T 'eturn sludge ratio "edia attached "+KSS

Treated water basin

*'T +inear velocity (apturing SS

Fpflow filter 6isinfection Basin Sludge storage basin

'emaining SS *'T T((. in1ection conc. *'T (apacity "ixing tank *'T 0eclB in1ection rate Sludge water content (ake water content

B4 I@ 34 = 34,444

JAea > 0or 0BB' cap. "BAmI.6 *r "gAl 6ewatering system

= 2 ;; @=

"in > > >

0BB'

"edia packing vol. Surface loading *'T

Settling basin

Settled sludge "+SS

3esign Basis for HWW#P

Pollutant 2emoval Efficienc) of 5nit Process

6ivision I50+F#5T 7mgAl8 B$6 B44 ($6 =44 TSS @44
5*B 0ree

,$D =

'emark

S('##5

In 7mgAl8 $ut 7mgAl8

B44 I@4

=44 D=4

@44 3D4

@ @

= =

'ate 7>8

34

34

24

0BB'

In 7mgAl8

I<=

DB<

32I

<.<

D.@

$ut 7mgAl8

D4

;4

24

4.3

'ate 7>8 F,0+$/ 0I+T#' In 7mgAl8 $ut 7mgAl8 'ate 7>8

2D.; D4 B4 I=

@;.D ;4 24 33.3

=< 24 B4 <I.=

;2.= 4.3 4.3 L

=@.D I I L

#00+F#5T 7mgAl8

B4

24

B4

4.3

T$T. '#"$K.+ '.T# 7>8

;4

2D

;=.@

;2.<

<4

3esign Basis for HWW#P Process 3escription

1.Pre-Treatment The wastewater from the Kitchen and +aundry will be pre&treated to eliminate the grease or foam by the pre&treatment facility, e.g. grease interceptor. 2.Buffer basin and Screen Facility +ift station is a transient storage of influent wastewater. In this system 'ake Screen is installed to remove the suspended solid automatically above the buffer basin. Screened materials are incinerated in the incinerator. Influent wastewater will be e!uali9ed of pollutant loading and prevention of decay of organic matter, grit and others settlement material. Buffering process 7shaking and mixing8 basinMs *'T will be operated for ID&hour operation. .nd submersible mixer and transfer pumps are installed. 3.FBBR System 0luidi9ed Bed Bio&film 'eactor is the main part of the wastewater treatment plant. .bout I@> of reactor volume is filled by the floating medias 7Bio&green8 in where microbes are cultivated. In this reactor, suspended growth and media attached microorganisms are biodegrade to soluble organic pollutant containing wastewater and "+KSS concentration will be sustain to B,444 mgAl. 0or aerobic growth of microorganism, oxygen is supplied into this reactor by aeration blower. "edia must not be made of fragile material and has large specific surface area. $ther auxiliary facilities are diffuser, v&notch, and spray system.

4.Settling Basin
#ffluent and sludge from 0BB' system are flown into settling basin in where decanting water shall be separated from and sludge by gravity settling. The sludge will be collected by the sludge scrappers to the sludge hoper in the center of the basin and rotated by cyclo& reducer. 6ecanting water over flow through weir and transfer to next stage of treated water basin.

5.Treated Water Basin

Treated water basin has roles as transient storage basin of biologically treated water, which is covered with slab but has inspection hole. .gitation diffuser and transfer pump are installed for next filtration process.

3esign Basis for HWW#P Process 3escription

.!" fl#$ Filter

In up flow filtration, the residual suspended solid should be removed by media absorption method. Backwashing of absorption materials is performed by final treated water.

%.&isinfecti#n Basin
(hlorination facility is used to sterili9e the effluent before discharging into receiving water. 0or safety, sterili9ation process will last for at least fifteen 73=8 minutes retention time. 0inal effluent line has a flow meter. $thers auxiliary facilities are chemical storage tank include agitator chemical 75a$(l8 in1ection pump and parshall flume type flow meter.

'.Sludge St#rage Basin

The sludge will be stored temporarily in sludge storage basin before transferring to dewatering system. The sludge storage basin is applied for seven 7@8 days storage volume. #!uali9ation sub mixer and transfer pump are installed.

+.Sludge &e$atering System

/aste sludge has about ;; > water content. It is flocculated with 0erric (hloride and after dewatering sludge cake is converting to about @= > water content. 6uring dewatering, city water is used for the belt cleaning. 0inally, dewatered cake is moved to outer of the *ospital or incinerated by the incinerator.

1(.)ity Water Basin

(ity water is provided for spraying water to 0BB' system, chemical dilution and belt cleaning. Booster pump is provided for the water supply.

11.*ffluent
Treated water will meet the re!uired standard of wastewater and has to be discharged to the city sewer, principally. .ll calculations covering process and mechanical design are submitted separately.

3esign Basis for HWW#P Process Flow 3iagram

3esign Basis for HWW#P 0a) !ut

3esign Basis for HWW#P 0a) !ut

3esign Basis for HWW#P Section 3rawing

N.N

S#(TI$5 NB & BN

S#(TI$5 . & .

3esign Basis for HWW#P &uto ra/e screen

3esign Basis for HWW#P Su%mersi%le .i(er & .edia

3esign Basis for HWW#P -entrifugal Pump & 2oots Blower

'$$TS B+$/#'

3esign Basis for HWW#P Settling Basin & Scraper

3esign Basis for HWW#P 5p Flow Filter

3esign Basis for HWW#P 3ewatering 5nit

O!erat5on 1 ma5ntenance man8a6 Wastewater collection s)stem

(ontrol box Sewage water from flow ground

The area where gravity flow is possible

.bout I4m

.uto rake screen

toilet

kitchen

,re treatment basin ,re treatment basin #xisting septic tank disposal separately by the hospital.

,umping station

+ift station

Buffer basin

laundry

laboratory

%&ray room

-The wastewater from x&ray room should not be dumped to wastewater drain system but disposed separately from *//T, by the hospital. -(ontrol box is located in about I4m distance for maintenance -The wastewater from the Kitchen and +aundry will be pretreated to eliminate the grease or foam by the pre&treatment facility. -The wastewater from laboratory will be pretreated to eliminate the toxic matters by the pre&treatment facility.

O!erat5on 1 ma5ntenance man8a6 Wastewater collection s)stem Pretreatment s)stem

Purpose - 'emove such as 0at, oil, .BS, Suspend Solid

Principle - The micro siever remove the solids. - The met combination eliminator remove the oil. !peration and maintenance - The micro siever must be cleaned at the one time per one week - Separated oil must be occasionally removed for normal function from pretreatment system. - Bottom sludge must be also occasionally cleaned up in bottom of pretreatment at the one time per one month.

O!erat5on 1 ma5ntenance man8a6 Wastewater collection s)stem Pretreatment for /itchen

O!erat5on 1 ma5ntenance man8a6 Wastewater collection s)stem Pretreatment for laundr)

O!erat5on 1 ma5ntenance man8a6 Wastewater collection s)stem

Pumping station and lift station

Purpose
-,umping station and lift station are located in lowest area of drainage system. - the wastewater from each source flow in gravity flow and then collected to the pumping station or lift station. -The collected wastewater is pumped to buffer basin

!peration and maintenance

-,ump is run automatically by level switch -0or the prevent the pumps, floatable materials are floated to the surface of water in front of baffle and solids are settled in bottom of basin . -The floated materials and bottom sludge must be occasionally removed from station for preventing the damage of pumps by the hard particle materials. -,umps cannot be run under low low level for preventing of the dry run of pumps even if in state of manual set.

+S

+S

To auto rake screen

Jravity flow 0loating oil bottom sludge pumping station

Jravity flow

pump +ift station

pump

O!erat5on 1 ma5ntenance man8a6 Wastewater collection s)stem Su%mersi%le pump

O!erat5on 1 ma5ntenance man8a6 Wastewater collection s)stem High pressure cleaner

O!erat5on 1 ma5ntenance man8a6 &uto ra/e screen

Purpose -'emove debris such as plastics, tree, rags, large organic material,other large solids -,revent the rotation machines such as pumps, mixers. -'educing B$6, SS, ($6 load by removing debris such as solids, organics.

Principle -"ore si9e 6ebris than clear spacing between rakes is removed -(lear spacing between bars is about B&<mm, -6ebris are removed automatically by continuous rotating of racks and brusher clear debris remained on racks continuously

!peration and maintenance

-See next page auto rake operation and maintenance manual

O!erat5on 1 ma5ntenance man8a6 E=8a65>at5on 3:3tem

0rom lift station pump
+S

.uto rake screen

** level * level "iddle level + level ++ level Buffer basin pump

To 0BB'

Purpose - Buffer basin is for average feeding of impact matters such as peak flow rate, peak B$6, peak ,h, and peak toxic matters. !peration and maintenance - In automatically, pump be run at high level and stop at low level. - in manually, pump can run at above low low level. But pump cannot be run under low low level for prevent the damage of pump in manually or in automatically. - The concentration of impact matters can be approached to the average concentration when the wastewater is holed as much as possible in buffer basin. But if running level is maintained above middle in ordinary days, wastewater may flow over buffer basin. Therefore, optimum running level is middle level6 - Su%mersi%le mi(er must %e operated for the 7" hours per a da) - $f do not run su%mersi%le mi(er, the concentration of contaminations can not %e averaged and the solids is settled to %ottom of %asin6 - #he flowing %iological treatment s)stem ma) %e impacted %) the fle(i%le concentration of contaminations6 - #he %uffer %asin pumps are also damaged %) the settled high concentration solids6

O!erat5on 1 ma5ntenance man8a6 E=8a65>at5on 3:3tem

S82mer3526e M5?er an& 2899er 2a35n !8m!3

Purpose - Impact matters to the bioreactor are rapidly averaged by submersible mixer. - This is also for no settling of sludge. - ,ump id for feeding average flow rate.

Principle - Submersed motor is cooled by wastewater. - In manually, mixer can be run above low low level. But mixer cannot be run under low low level for prevent the damage of mixer even if in state of
manual set.

- The impeller of pump and submersible mixer can be damaged by debris or hard materials - $perator always clear the surrounding of wastewater plant in order that materials may be not flied and dropped into basins from the surrounding. - 6o not stop the buffer basin pump because the flexible flow rate may impact to the biological process. - (heck the flow rate every day. - (heck the mixing state by submersible mixer every day.

!peration and maintenance

-See next page operation and maintenance manual

O!erat5on 1 ma5ntenance man8a6 Biological unit operations 3efinition of terms

-.erobic process is biological treatment process that occurs in the presence of oxygen. -.naerobic process is biological treatment process that occurs in the absence of oxygen. -5itrification is the biological process by which ammonia is converted first to nitrite and then to nitrate. -6enitrification is the biological process by which nitrate is converted to nitrogen and other gaseous end products. -Suspended&growth process is the biological treatment process in which the microorganisms are maintained in suspension within the li!uid. -.ttached&growth process is the biological treatment in which the microorganisms are attached to medias within the li!uid

3escription for the Fluidi8ed Bed Biofilm process

-This system is .erobic process O .naerobic process. -Suspended&growth microorganisms and attached&growth microorganisms exist together in one reactor. -Suspended&growth microorganisms are maintained in suspension within the li!uid in the reactor. -.ttached&growth microorganisms is growing as a bio&film on medias that move along with the water in the reactor . -Suspended&growth microorganisms is usually responsible for the decomposition of organic matters. -.ttached&growth microorganisms can remove not only organic matters but also nitrogen by nitrification&denitrification. -Because the bio&film made by attached&growth microorganisms is high biomass concentration, the reactor re!uires a relatively small apace. -The microorganisms inner biomass can be saved from the impact such as toxic matters, shock B$6 loading, and shock ,h.

O!erat5on 1 ma5ntenance man8a6 Biological unit operations

#reatment principle for FBB2 S)stem
- The conversion of organic matters is carried out as shown in next formula by suspended& growth organisms and attached&growth organisms.
By aerobic bacteria !(idation and s)nthesis ($*5S 7organic matter8 O $I O nutrients 5*B O ($I O (=*@$I 5 O other end products 75ew bacterial cell8

Endogenous respiration (=*@$I 5 O =$I O nutrients

By aerobic bacteria

5* B O =($I O I*I$ O energy

- .mmonia nitrogen is removed as shown in next formula by attached&growth

organisms on media. nitrification a8 5*B O b8 *5$I O a8Ob8 5*B
B I 3 I 5itrite bacteria 5itrate bacteria

$I $I

*5$I O *I$, *5$ B *5$B O *I$,

O I $I

3enitrification -#nergy reaction C <5$B& O =(*B$*

6enitrogen bacteria

=($I O B5I O @*I$ O <$*& B(=*@$I 5 O*I$

-SynthsisC B5$B& O 3D(*B$* O ($I O B*&

6enitrogen bacteria

Bio reactor
/aster water

Settling %asin
.ir supply Treated water

/aste sludge 'eturn sludge 0luidi9ed media

O!erat5on 1 ma5ntenance man8a6 Biological unit operations

#reatment principle for FBB2 S)stem

"edia before putting in bioreactor

"edias are moving in bioreactor

Biofilm 7Biological +ayer8 "edia 5I 5*B $I $rganics ($I #nd products

The microorganisms attached to media

Schematic representation of the cross section of Biofilm.

O!erat5on 1 ma5ntenance man8a6 Biological unit operations

#reatment principle for FBB2 S)stem

!rganic:B!39 removal
-The conversion of organic matters occurs in the presence of o()gen by suspended& growth organisms and attached&growth organisms. - 5ew cell is produced by the conversion of organic matters 7see above&mentioned !(idation and s)nthesis formula9 -/hen the new cell is separated from water and is removed from system, complete treatment can be accomplished %ecause the cell is organic.

Nitrogen removal
-There are two methods for nitrogen removal. $ne is consumed as nutrient when new cell is produced by the conversion of organic matters. -.n other one is nitrification&denitrifiction that occurs in media by the next principle. -5itrification is converted first to nitrite by nitrite bacteria and then to nitrate by nitrate in the presence of o()gen. -6enitrification of nitrate is converted to nitrogen and other gaseous end products by denitrification bacteria in the a%sence of o()gen. -$rganic matters need for denitrification. Therefore, $rganic matters can be removed during denitrification. -In the outer portion of bioflim, 5itrification occur by .ttached&growth microorganisms because of the presence of o()gen6 -.s the microorganisms grow, the thickness of biofilm increase, and the dissolved oxygen is consumed in the outer portion before it reach to the inner portion of bioflim. Thus denitrification occur in the inner portion of bioflim. -.s the media move along with the water in the reactor, the li!uid wash the bioflim off media.thus, the thickness of biofilm is automatically controlled by continuous moving of the media. -in conclusion, In the outer portion of bioflim, both the conversion of organic matters and nitrification occur together.

O!erat5on 1 ma5ntenance man8a6 Biological unit operations

#reatment principle for FBB2 S)stem Phosphorus removal -The phosphorus in wastewater treatment is also consumed as nutrient when
new cell is produced by the conversion of organic matters.

-,hosphorus and nitrogen will be removed in the next approximate ratio in the biological treatment. the removed B$6= C 5 C , E 344 C = C 3 by weight !ther materials removal -The suspended solids are removed by attachment to bio&flocs. -$ther heavy metals are removed by absorption into bio&flocs. -Some kinds of microorganisms can decompose the toxic organic matters. Environment re4uirements -,h should be controlled between <.= to 2.=. -Temperature should be controlled between 3= 4( to B= 4(. -"icroorganisms must free from inhibitory concentrations of toxic matters. -0ood&to&microorganism ratio in the bioreactor should be controlled in according to inlet B$6 load. -6issolved oxygen should be controlled between min 4.= to max B. -6ead area by sludge accumulation make anaerobic condition. in which many filamentous bacteria can live. It cause the bad settling of bio&sludge in settling basin .

O!erat5on 1 ma5ntenance man8a6 Biological unit operations

Process control for FBB2 S)stem
+og growth phase Stationary phase 6eath phase

The lag phase C The organisms acclimate to new environment and begin to divide The log growth phase C The organisms grow in the log growth rate because of enough food7B$68. The stationary phase C The growth of organisms is offset by the death of old cell in according to decrease of B$6. The log death phase C The bacteria death rate exceeds the production of new cells because of poor food7B$68. .

The number of cell

Bacteria growth curve in %atch reactor

E(cellent settlement

+ag growth phase

time

0ig&3.Typical bacterial growth curve in batch reaction.

Type P.Q growth curve The number of cell Type PBQ growth curve

Bio reactor Settling %asin

Type P(Q growth curve

Settlement of %ioflocs in settling %asin

-;er) good settlea%le %ioflocs are made at dar/ area point in fig + %acterial growth curve -!perator should control Food to microorganism ratio:F<.9 so that the condition of wastewater entering into the settling %asin ma) %e at start point of death phase as shown in =&> growth curve of fig 76

/aster water Treated water

/aste sludge 'eturn sludge

Bio reactor

Settling %asin

0ig&I.Typical bacterial growth curve in continuous flow.

O!erat5on 1 ma5ntenance man8a6 Biological unit operations

!peration parameters for FBB2 S)stem
Settling basin .eration tank 7RO Rr8 % Re%e R S4 Kr % R/ %/ Rr %r Kr % R/ %/ O Re%e

0oading -riteria
-0ood&to&microorganisms70A"8 E R S4 Kr % -The mean cell&residence time 7c 8 E

7RO Rr8 % E R S4 O Rr %r E Rr %r 7where, S4 is very small than %r . Therefore, R S4 E 48 Rr %r Thus, "+KSS7%8 E R O Rr /here R E influent flow rate S4 E influent B$6 concentration, mgA+ 7gAm B8 Kr E aeration tank volume, mB % E concentration of volatile suspended solids in the aeration tank, mgA+ 7gAm B8 c E mean cell&residence time based on the aeration tank volume, d R/ E waste sludge flow rate, 7mBAd8 %/ E concentration of volatile suspended solids in the waste sludge, 7gAm B8 ReE treated effluent flow rate, 7m BAd8 %eE concentration of volatile suspended solids in the treated effluent, mgA+ 7gAm B8 Rr E return sludge flow rate, 7mBAd8 %r E concentration of volatile suspended solids in the return sludge, mgA+ 7gAm B8 "+KSS control method C In above formula, R, and %r is constant. Thus, "+KSS can be controlled by return sludge flow rate. In usually, "+KSS 7mixed li!uid volatile suspended solids8 is about 24 to ;4> of "+SS 7mixed li!uid suspended solids. "+KSS is usually maintained in I444 to D444 mgA+ in aeration tank 0A" control method C R, and S4 is difficult to be control because the wastewater is coming to wastewater treatment plant continuously. Thus, 0A" can be controlled by %, % is controlled by return sludge flow rate. "ean cell&residence time control C Kr % and Re%e is constant. Thus, c can be controlled by waste sludge flow rate.

O!erat5on 1 ma5ntenance man8a6 Biological unit operations

!peration parameters for FBB2 S)stem 3o control
6$ control range C .#'.TI$5 ,$56 0irst aeration pond Second aeration pond 6$ control range I&B mgA+ 4.=&3 mgA+

In case of over 6$ than standard

B$6 shortage by too much organisms #ndogenous respiration "icroorganisms death Breakup and low specific gravity of cell 5onsettleable flocs

B$6 shortage by too much organisms

5itrifiction of ammonia

6enitrifiction in settling basin

,roduction of 5itrogen gas in settling basin

'ising sludge by nitrogen gas

In case of lower 6$ than standard +ow growth of organisms #nough B$6 0ree&swimming of "icroorganisms 6ispersion of "icroorganisms 5onsettle able flocs

Nutriment control :N, P9 -5itrogen and phosphorus will be re!uired for growth of organisms in the next approximate ratio in the biological treatment. the removed B$6= C 5 C , E 344 C = C 3 by weight. /here, nitrogen is forms of 5&5*B, 5&5$B. .nd phosphorus is form of ,& ,$D. -But this hospital wastewater have nitrogen and phosphorus enough to remove B$6=.

O!erat5on 1 ma5ntenance man8a6 Biological unit operations

!peration parameters for FBB2 S)stem pH control -$ptimum pH is <.= to 2.=.
-$rganisms may be not function in state of above pH ;.4 or under pH <.4 -The normal operation water level of buffer basin may be above minimum 3.=m from the bottom of buffer basin for dilution of shock concentration of toxic matters.

#emperature control -The optimum temperature is I4 to I24(. -$rganisms may be not function in state of above B@ 4( or under 3B 4(. -But the temperature range of this hospital wastewater may be I2 to B= 4(. #o(ic matters control -microorganisms cannot function in state of inhibitory concentration of such constituents as heavy metals and toxic compounds. 7see previous inhibitory concentration table of toxic compounds in biological process8. -The normal operation water level of buffer basin may be above minimum 3.=m from the bottom of buffer basin for dilution of shock concentration of toxic matters. -*igh concentration toxic matters should be pretreated by methods such as separation, dilution, and neutrali9ation by hospital.

fat oil and grease -0at oils are not easily decomposed by microorganisms. -0at oils cause the problems such as rising sludge, forming, and increase of B$6 in effluent. These materials will be removed in the pretreatment system. $perator always should check trouble in the pretreatment system

O!erat5on 1 ma5ntenance man8a6 Biological unit operations

!peration parameters for FBB2 S)stem Foaming %) detergent or surfactant
-detergent makes foam. #specially, .BS7.lkylben9enesulfonate8 detergent is not easily decomposed by microorganisms. -0oam by cleaner prevent the transfer of oxygen into water. -0oam by cleaner prevent the flocculation of bio&sludge and produce scum in aeration basin and settling basin. -These materials will be removed in the pretreatment system. $perator always should check trouble in the pretreatment system - +.S7+inear .lkylben9enesulfonate8, .$S 7S& olefin acid8 have more effect on microorganisms than other surfactants. - low effective surfactants should be used as cleaner. #specially, do not use .BS7.lkylben9enesulfonate8 detergent ?Table&3: surfactants +.S7+inear .lkylben9enesulfonate8 .#7polyoxyethylene alkyl ether8 #$7ethylene oxide8 .#S7polyoxyethylene alkyl ester sulfate8 .S7alkyl ester sulfate8, .$S 7S& olefin acid8, =.2 3D BI I2 3D B.I 7 Fnit C #( =4 , mgA+8 (olpidium compylum $percularia 32 @< IB 3@ 3D D

soap 2@ @< -The date of each surfactants are the effective concentration that causes a measurable negative effect on =4> of test population -#(=4 is the effective concentration that causes a measurable negative effect on =4> of test population

Fle(i%le loading of B!3 -0lexible loading of B$6 break the balance of 0A" ratio. -*igh B$6 load C dispersed growth of bacteria by free swimming of bacteria. Thus, dispersion of bio flocs. -+ow B$6 load C making the pin floc, over&oxidi9ed sludge Thus, making nonsettleable flocs

O!erat5on 1 ma5ntenance man8a6 Biological unit operations

!peration pro%lem and solution Bul/ing sludge
-6efinition C the bulking sludge is poor settling characteristics and poor compactability. -Type of the bulking sludge is two. -$ne is caused by the growth of filamentous organisms or organisms that can grow in a filamentous form under adverse condition. 0ilamentous sludge is low specific gravity like the swelled cotton -The other is nonfilamentous bulking by other miss operation.

Type of bulking 0ilamentous bulking

(ause of bulking 0luctuations in flow

Solution of bulking 6o not stop the buffer basin pump and feed wastewater into aeration tank in average flow rate. "aintain above 3.=m water level from bottom of buffer basin for holding dilution wastewater

5o optimum p* 5o optimum temperature /idely varying B$6 load in flow of stale wastewater ,oor nutrients75, ,8 +ow dissolved oxygen +ow 0A" ratio Insufficient soluble B$6 nonfilamentous bulking Improper B$6 load $ver aeration The presence of toxic matters

Supply air to buffer basin "ay be enough. $perate in optimum range Increase return sludge flow rate 6o not use .BS detergent. (heck incoming of 0at oil $perate in optimum 0A" ratio $perate in optimum 6$ Separate high concentrative toxic matters

O!erat5on 1 ma5ntenance man8a6 Biological unit operations

!peration pro%lem and solution 2ising sludge
-3efinition C the sludge settled in the bottom of settling basin rise to the surface of settling basin again. --ause of rising sludge first stepC nitrification .mmonia convert to nitrate in aeration pond Second stepC denitrification 5itrate convert to nitrogen gas in settling basin. The sludge attached to 5itrogen gas rise to the surface of settling basin together.

-#he environment caused rising sludge 5itrification can occur in the environment of low 0A" and over oxygen 5itrification decrease in proportion to B$6=ATK5 ratio as shown in table&3 6enitrifictin can occur in the absence of oxygen. T.B+#& 3 'elationship between the fraction of nitrifying organisms and the B$6=ATK5 ratio B$6=ATK5 ratio 5itrifier fraction 4.=
4.B=

3
4.I3

I
4.3I

B
4.42B

D
4.4<D

=
4.4=D

<
4.4D

@
4.4B@

2
4.4BB

;
4.4I;

-#he solution of rising sludge In the last aeration pond, 5itrification can occur because 0A" is very low in the last aeration pond. but nitrification can be control if no over oxygen. optimum range is 4.= to 3 mgA+ In the other hand, the concentration of 5&5* B is low in effluent by nitrification because 5&5*B was converted to nitrate. If the concentration of 5&5*B is over than effluent standard in effluent, convert ammonia to nitrate by nitrification. .nd then remove the rising sludge with the next unit processT PF,&0+$/ 0I+T#'Q

O!erat5on 1 ma5ntenance man8a6 Biological unit operations

Settling %asin Purpose
- .ctivated sludge is settled in settling basin. - Settled bio sludge is retuned to 0BB' for control of "+SS in 0BB' continuously. - #xcess bio sludge is wasted to sludge storage basin.

Principle
- (U(+$I6 '#6F(#' must run for ID hours per day for return of sludge and for no unaerobic of sludge. - .ll weir always flow in same flow rate. If some weir be closed by any matterials, wastewater may flow to other weirs. This may reduce the efficiency of settlement. - .lgaes may be reproduced in weir flow road. - .lgaes will increase B$6 in effluent, If not removed with brush. - .lgaes are reproduced in environment enough at same time of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, B$6, and sunlight. - (are in order that any materials may not be dropped to basin. - The dropped materials will damage the impeller of pumps.

!peration and maintenance

-See next page operation and maintenance manual

no 3 I B D = < @ 2 ; 34

6#S('I,TI$5 (U(+$I6 '#6F(#' S*.0T S('.,#' .'" S('.,#' (#5T#' /#++ "#T.+ B$% TF'5 BF(K+# /.+K /.U *.56 '.I+ /#I'

"#T#'I.+S ,F' STSB4D STSB4DO'FBB#' STSB4D STSB4D STSB4D STSB4D SSD44 STSB4D STSB4D

O!erat5on 1 ma5ntenance man8a6 Biological unit operations

&ir suppl) s)stem Purpose
-This biological process is aerobic process. .erobic process need oxygen. -Blower and diffuser are e!uipments to supply oxygen. -"embrane 6isc 6iffuser be installed in 0BB'. This have high efficiency of oxygen transfer because bubble si9e is very small.

Principle
-Blower run for ID hours per day continuously. --ontrol air with vales for each medias to moving well e4uall)

!peration and maintenance

-See next page operation and maintenance manual

O!erat5on 1 ma5ntenance man8a6 5p flow filter s)stem

#reated water %asin and #<W pumps Purpose
-Treated water basin is holding tank for feeding treated wastewater to the up&flow filters. -.ir diffusers are installed for prevent the settlement of sludge

Principle and operation method -In automatically, pump run by logic installed in the panel of the up&flow filter. -in manually, pump can run at above low low level. But pump cannot run under low low level for prevent the damage of pump in manually or in automatically. 5p flow filter Purpose
-suspended sludge in effluent from 0BB' is removed by up&flow filter.

Principle
- The up flow filter be run automatically by the level switch installed in the treated water basin and back washed by timer if turn on auto mode. - If the concentration of all contents is below the effluent standards, do not run the up flow filter.

!peration and maintenance

-See next page operation and maintenance manual

O!erat5on 1 ma5ntenance man8a6 3isinfections s)stem

3isinfection %asin Purpose
-6isinfection basin is consist of two pond. -$ne is holding pond for backwash of the up up flow filter. The other is mixing pond for disinfection. -The disinfected wastewater must be used for backwash of filter because the disinfected wastewater will kill bacteria in 0BB' .

Principle -In automatically, pump run by logic installed in the panel of the up&flow filter. -in manually, pump can run at above low low level. But pump cannot run under low low level for prevent the damage of pump in manually or in automatically. -(hemical for disinfections will feed to small pond located in effluent line. .nd then the chemical will be mixed with wastewater trough the effluent line and the effluent pond by the deference water head power
-,arshall flume flow meter is installed in front of disinfection basin. -,arshall flume must be cleared vocationally because dirty materials may interfere the exact measure of flow rate.
0'$" (ITU /.T#' .JIT.T$'

0'$" F, 0+$/ 0I+T#'

,F", 0$' B.(K /.S*I5J +S

(*#"I(.+ ST$'.J# T.5K

0$' 6ISI50#(TI$5

#00+F#5T B.(K /.S* ,F", 6ISI50#(TI$5 B.SI5

O!erat5on 1 ma5ntenance man8a6 3isinfections s)stem

3isinfectants Purpose
-6isinfection refer to the selective destruction of disease&causing organisms. -(hlorine compounds are usually used for disinfectants. -/hen chlorine compounds are added to water, chlorine compounds are converted to hyphochlorite ion7$(l&8 or hyphochlorous acid7*$(l8 -hyphochlorite ion7$(l&8 or hyphochlorous acid7*$(l8 destroy the bacteria

chemical selection for disinfectants

-"any kind of chemicals can be used for the disinfections. "ost of these chemicals are a chlorine or other compounds combined with chlorine. The compounds combined with chlorine is easier to package and handle than chlorine. These combined compounds is follows C (alcium hypo chlorite, sodium hypo chlorite, tri&chloro&isocyanurine acid7T((.8. -+6 -hlorine -(hlorine is usually supplied in the form of li!uid and gas under pressure. -But (hlorine is very dangerous because of reaction with many inorganic or organic compounds. -76 -alcium h)po chlorite -(alcium hypo chlorite is easier to package and handle than chlorine. -(alcium hypo chlorite is most usually supplied as a powder or in small granular form. -This chemical tends to crystalli9e. Therefore,calcium hypo chlorite may clog metering pumps, piping, and valves. -Therefore, this chemical cannot be used at extremely small feeding system as *//,T

O!erat5on 1 ma5ntenance man8a6 3isinfections s)stem

3isinfectants

chemical selection for disinfectants

36 Sodium h)po chlorite "ost of wastewater treatment plant use sodium hypo chlorite because of safety concerns related to li!uid chlorine. Sodium hypo chlorite solution can be purchased in =4kg bottle of 34&3I> of available chlorine. This solution chemical is affected by exposure to light and heat. It must therefore be stored in a cool location in a corrosion Vresistant tank. 3I> sodium hypochlorite is reduced to 34> concentration during Dday delivery days. sodium hypochlorite cannot be used at long distance area from chemical factory. Therefore, sodium hypochlorite cannot be stored for longer time than 3week. The sodium hypochlorite re!uires special handling because of the presence of chlorine humes. "ost of *//T, is located in long delivery area from chemical factory "6 tri chloro isoc)anurine acid:#--&96 This chemical is the organic compound combined with chlorine. This chemical is more stable than above chemical and other chemicals using for the disinfectants. The purchase price may be I4> more expensive than sodium hypo chlorite price. But transfer fee is cheaper than the transfer fee of sodium hypo chlorite because of delivering T((. in ;4> high concentration in comparison with 3I> sodium hypochlorite. #herefore, #--& is recommended for disinfectants6

O!erat5on 1 ma5ntenance man8a6 3isinfections s)stem

l ($ = < @ 2 ; 34 E 4.@2 kgAd > >
&

3isinfectants
l ( $*

-hemical dosing rate for disinfectants

,h D /hen chlorine compounds are added to water, chlorine compounds are converted to hyphochlorite ion7$(l&8 or hyphochlorous acid7 *$(l 8. -hlorine:-l79 is usually gas, two reaction step can occur in water as next formula. (lI O *I$ *$(l *$(l O *O O (l& *O O $(l&

Sodium h)po chlorite: Na!-l 9 also occur in water as next formula. 5a$(l O *I$ *$(l *$(l O 5a$* *O O $(l&

tri chloro isoc)anurine acid:#--&9 convert to *$(l and $(l& as next formula . (lB75($8B O <*I$ *$(l B*$(l O BAI5I O B($I O ; *O *O O $(l&

-/here, the killing efficiency of *$(l is about D4 to 24 times that of $(l &. -$(l& convert to *$(l in the acid, *$(l convert to $(l& in the alkali as shown in fig. -If there are ammonia or easy reactive matters with $(l & or *$(l in wastewater, $(l& or *$(l react with these first. The concentration of (l for killing of bateria is about 4.= to 3.= mgA+. but if If there are easy reactive matters such as ammonia, (l need more. Therefore, we recommend the chemical dosing of about =mgA+ as (l 2e4uirement chemical : /g<3 9 ? 7/astewater average flow rate7mBAd88 x 7 re!uirement (l 7mgA+88 x 34 &B (l > of chemical compounds 7#%.",+#8C design flow rate is 344mBAd, average is @4> of design flow rate, chemical is #--& of ;4> as (l. (alculate the dosing mount of #--&
;3 'e!uirement T((. E(1%% ? %.D (m3/&)) ? ( A (mg/L)) ? 1%

%.9

O!erat5on 1 ma5ntenance man8a6 -hemical dosing s)stem for disinfectants

O!erat5on 1 ma5ntenance man8a6 Sludge treatment s)stem

3EH@32&#!2

Purpose
-3eh)drator is for filtering the activated sludge -#he volume is ver) reduced after %eing deh)drated6

Principle
-See ne(t page operation and maintenance manual

!peration and maintenance -See ne(t page operation and maintenance manual

O!erat5on 1 ma5ntenance man8a6 C5t: 7ater 38!!6: 3:3tem

-it) water %asin and %ooster pump

Purpose
-The service area is as as followsT control room, laboratory room, toilet, chemical dilution, defoaming system of SBB', auto screen flushing, dewatering flushing, sludge pump line flushing.

Principle

- (ity water is supply to service area by booster pump in high press. - The supply pressure of city water is controlled automatically by booster pump control panel. - But booster pump do not run in any case of auto or manual if under low low level of city water basin. - The city water is automatically filled into the city water basin by float valve. - 6estroy the form by the opening of deforming line valve if there are too much foam in the 0BB' !peration and maintenance
-See next page booster pump operation and maintenance manual