It More Than Just a Gut Feeling

The Digestive System

TAKS

Objective 2 The student will demonstrate an understanding of living systems and the environment.

Explain

What are the two main types of digestion? Physical/Mechanical: The physical breakdown of food by non-enzyme means. Chemical: The use of enzymes to breakdown food.

List in Order the Pathways of Food Through the Digestive System.

The Mouth Pharynx Esophagus Stomach Small Intestine Large Intestine Rectum Anus

Oral Cavity

Oral Cavity (Mouth)

What type of digestion occurs in the mouth? Both physical and chemical digestion takes place Tongue taste manipulates food prepares food for swallowing by forming into a ball (bolus) Saliva is secreted

What enzyme is secreted in saliva? Salivary Amylase

Moistens Protects mouth from abrasion Buffer against acids Kills some bacteria

Enzyme that begins digestion of carbohydrates

Pharynx

Pharynx

Commonly call the throat Intersection of GLOTTIS and opening of the esophagus (gullet) is found here EPIGLOTTIS is a flap that closes the glottis when the act of swallowing occurs (Closes the Trachea)

Esophagus

Esophagus

Does any digestion occur here? What is the word that describes the movement that pushes the food down toward the stomach? Connects PHARYNX and the STOMACH Peristalsis wave-like contractions of smooth muscles that push food down toward the stomach Cardiac Sphincter esophagus and stomach connect

Stomach

Stomach

J Shaped organ that Stores and digests food. GASTRIC JUICES - pH of 1-2 Enzyme: pepsin which acts on proteins. HCl is needed to activate pepsin from its inactive form pepsinogen. Gastrin Horomone secreted to regulate gastric juices. Mucus covers the inner lining to prevent the acid from eating the tissue. The PYLORIC SPHINCTER or pylorus connects the stomach to the small intestine and closes off the stomach at its posterior end.

Small Intestine

Small Intestine

Most breaking down of macromolecules occurs here. 6 meters in length Smaller diameter than the large intestine Divided into 3 sections:

Duodenum (first 25 cm) Jejunum Ileum

Digestion in Small Intestine

Acid chyme enters duodenum Intestinal wall releases a hormone SECRETIN-signal pancreas to release a basic solution to neutralize the acid. CHOLECYSTOKININ (CCK)- released to signal the gall bladder to release bile and the pancreas to release digestive enzymes ENTEROGESTRONE-secreted to slow down peristalsis

Absorption and Distribution of Nutrients

VILLI small finger-like projections that increase the surface area MICROVILLI even smaller finger-like projections on the VILLI LACTEAL large lymph vessel found on each villus (Absorbs FAT) Capillaries small blood vessels found on each villus (Absorbs all nutrients EXCEPT Fat)

Villi and Microvilli

Accessory Organs

Small Intestine Accessory Organs

Pancreas, Liver, and Gall Bladder Add digestive enzymes, juices, and hormones to the small intestine These chemicals help break down protein, fat and carbohydrates

Liver, Pancreas, and Gall Bladder

Liver produces bile which is needed to help digest fat. Gall bladder stores the bile. Pancreas (Endocrine and Exocrine function) produces enzymes need to finish digesting the main organic foods. It also produces insulin.

Pancreas and Gall Bladder

LIVER

Regulates the contents of the blood. All blood contents enter the Liver via the HEPATIC PORTAL VEIN.

Large Intestine Alone

Large Intestine (Colon)

Main function of the COLON is to reabsorb water from the small intestinal material. CECUM T junction that connects the colon to the small intestine APPENDIX attached at the end of the cecum. Stores solid waste in the area called the rectum. Bacteria (E. coli) live in this area of the body.

Produce odor, and Vitamin K

Large Intestine w/Small