Prepared by:

Alcantara, MaryJoy C.
Almuete, Rommelyn Mhae C.
Buenaventura, Ma. Concepcion D.
Carlos, Criselle S.
Delen, Rene Rose P.
Lopez, Rosario Bernadeth D.
Submitted to:
Mrs.Perlita Espinosa, RN,
 Brief History of Surgical Instruments

The history of surgical instruments has an

important place within the history of
medicine, as well as in the history of
technology. Archaeologists have discovered
primitive knives from as early as 10000B.C.
and there is evidence of attempts to suture
from as far back as 2500 B.C. It was in
Ancient Greece, however, that the precursor
to modern instrumentation was born.

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

 Brief History of Surgical Instruments

The father of modern medicine, Hippocrates

(460-ca. 377 B.C.), founded classical
surgery. It is from Hippocrates that we have
reports of instruments formed of hardened
iron. In addition to iron and copper, bronze
and brass were used to make instruments,
which were cast, forged or cold-worked.
Some reports indicate the existence of as
many as 200 instrument types.

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

 Brief History of Surgical Instruments
After the decline of the Greek civilization,
this development continued in the Roman
Empire. Roman generals followed the motto
“For the best legions, the best surgeons,”
and at those surgeons’ disposal was a
multitude of instruments including knives,
saws, catheters, needles, forceps and
specula. The Romans also knew how to
make steel instruments.

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

 Brief History
When the ancient city of
ofSurgical
PompeiiInstruments
was
discovered, archaeologists uncovered a
large package of surgical instruments in a
building which may have housed a very
early surgical instrument business. Large
leaps in technology continued in the
centuries to follow. Surgery came into its
own as a discipline in the 1700’s, and in the
1800’s Paris became its center. To judge
from archaeological finds, Germany by that
time was also a center for instrument
craftsmen.

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

 Brief History of Surgical Instruments
The invention of stainless steel in the
twentieth century brought perhaps the
greatest change to the manufacturing
process, until the most recent event of
minimally invasive instrumentation. As
surgery has developed, the trade of the
instrument makers has developed alongside
it. There is evidence that in ancient times
there were metal craftsmen who specialized
in the manufacture of medical instruments

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

 Brief History of Surgical Instruments
Two of the very striking features of
the ancient instruments were their
good quality and their elaborate
ornamentation. The purpose of the
decorations was partly functional they
provided a more secure grip for the
surgeon. In later periods, instruments
were crafted by blacksmiths, cutlers
and armourers.

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

 Brief History of Surgical Instruments
With the onset of the Industrial
Revolution, and the general increase
in the rationalization of production
methods, instrument making
advanced another step. It has
continued to develop, to reach the
high level of precision crafting we
know today

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

BSN 4A-2 ‘10
 DIAGNOSTIC INSTRUMENT

Berliner Dejerine Moeltgen

•Uses- •uses •uses

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

 DIAGNOSTIC INSTRUMENT

Pinard Wartenberg
•uses Taylor
•uses •uses

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

grasp and handle dressing and other material

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

 Dressing forceps

bryant forceps

bozemann dressing forceps

bozemann douglas forcep

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

 Dressing forceps

Cheron dressing forceps

Foester sponge holding forceps

Collin forceps

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

 Dressing forceps

Foerster sponge holding forceps

Gross maier forceps

BSN 4A-2 ‘10
 Dressing forceps

Lister dressing forceps Pelkmann forceps

BSN 4A-2 ‘10
 Dressing forceps

Cheron dressing forceps Foester sponge holding forceps

BSN 4A-2 ‘10
To clamp and restrict arteries
or tissue, to control the flow
of blood

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

 haemostatic forceps

Bangolea forceps

Adson forceps
Adson baby forceps

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

 haemostatic forceps

Collin forceps

Chaput forceps
Carfoord forceps
BSN 4A-2 ‘10
 haemostatic forceps

Crile kocher forceps

Crile forceps

Collin forceps
BSN 4A-2 ‘10
 haemostatic forceps

Crile Rankin forceps

Dandy forceps

Crile Rankin Kocher forceps

BSN 4A-2 ‘10
 haemostatic forceps

Gemini forceps

Fergusson forceps

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

 haemostatic forceps

Hartmann forceps
Halsted mosquito forceps

Halsted mosquito micro forceps

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

 haemostatic forceps

Kelly forceps
Heiss forceps Herrick forceps

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

 haemostatic forceps

Kocher forceps Lahey forceps Lawrence forceps

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

 haemostatic forceps

leriche-forceps lovelace-forceps lovelace-forceps

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

 haemostatic forceps

mayo-guyon-forceps meeker-forceps mixture-baby-forceps

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

 haemostatic forceps

mixture-forceps pean-forceps pennington-forceps

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

 haemostatic forceps

Overholt geissenolderfer forceps Pratt forceps

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

 haemostatic forceps

providence-hospital-forceps Rochester pean forceps

Roberts forceps
BSN 4A-2 ‘10
 haemostatic forceps

Rochester ochsner forceps

Rochester pean forceps
BSN 4A-2 ‘10
 haemostatic forceps

Rumel forceps
Spencer wells forceps
BSN 4A-2 ‘10
 haemostatic forceps

Sarot forceps
Toennis forceps
Tuffier forceps
BSN 4A-2 ‘10
 haemostatic forceps

Willet martel forceps

Zenker forceps
BSN 4A-2 ‘10
To suture or ligate:
Suture or ligation is used to
close or rejoin a wound or an
area of
operation, e.g., a vessel, a
nerve or tissue. There are a
variety of
sutures and clips, as well as
suture needles and ligating
instruments.
BSN 4A-2 ‘10
 Surgical clips

Collin Michel
Childe clip

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

 Surgical clips

• uses
michel3

michel2
michel1
BSN 4A-2 ‘10
 Surgical clips

wachenfeldt_clip
Richter heart
BSN 4A-2 ‘10
d for the diagnosis or any surgical procedure of the bladder.

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

 Gall bladder instrument

Blanks 109
Desjardin
Blake 102
BSN 4A-2 ‘10
 Gall bladder instrument

Desjardins113
fergusson110
Mayo blake103

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

 Gall bladder instrument

Mayo blake104
Mixter 105
Moynihan 108
BSN 4A-2 ‘10
ed for the diagnosis or any surgical procedure of the larynx.

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

 Larynx instrument

Jackson
Reichert Fraenkel
Chevailer Jackson
BSN 4A-2 ‘10
 Larynx instrument

Chevailer Jackson

Jurasz

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

To hold and guide suture
needles securely for suturing

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

 Suture needle holders

Collier Needle Holder Halsey Needle Holder

Derf Needle Holder

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

 Suture needle holders

Crile Murray Needle Holder

Baumgartner Needle Holder

Neivert Needle Holder

BSN 4A-2 ‘10
 Suture needle holders

Boynton Needle Holder

Mayo Hager Needle Holder

Jamison Needle Holder

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

 Suture needle holders

Arruga Needle Holder Heaney Needle Holder Masson Needle Holder

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

 Suture needle holders

Johnson Needle Holder

Metzenbaum Needle Holder

Adson Needle Holder

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

 Suture needle holders

Stevens Needle Holder

Sarot Needle Holder

Crile Needle Holder

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

 Suture needle holders

Stevens Needle Holder Olesn Hegar Needle Holder

Mathieu Needle Holder
BSN 4A-2 ‘10
 Suture needle holders

Gillies Needle Holder

Kalt Arruga Needle Holder
Kalt Needle Holder

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

 Suture needle holders

Castroviejo Needle Holder

Metzenbaum Needle Holder
BSN 4A-2 ‘10
Used for the diagnosis or
any surgical procedure of
the female reproductive
organ or Delivery

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

 obstetric INSTRUMENT

Green-Armtage Forceps

Martin Pelvimeters Simposon Obstetrical Forceps

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

 obstetric INSTRUMENT

Simpson Braun
Naegele Obstetrical Forceps

Kielland Obstetrical Forceps

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

 obstetric INSTRUMENT

Pestalozza Curette
Winter Forceps
BSN 4A-2 ‘10
BSN 4A-2 ‘10
 oral INSTRUMENT

Heister
Roser Koenig Doyen Jansen
BSN 4A-2 ‘10
 oral INSTRUMENT

Collin Young

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

to cut or incise:
Instruments used for this
purpose are frequently
referred to as “sharps”.
They include scissors,
knives, scalpels, chisels
and osteotomes, among
others.

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

 Scalpel knives

No. 7
No. 8
No. 3 Graduated

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

 Scalpel knives

No. 4
No. 4
BSN 4A-2 ‘10
To cut suture, gauze and
other materials

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

 Operating scissors

Sharp / Sharp
Blunt / Blunt Sharp / Blunt
BSN 4A-2 ‘10
 Operating scissors

Deaver Mayo Metzenbaum

BSN 4A-2 ‘10
 Operating scissors

Sanvenero Jeseph Reynolds

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

 Operating scissors

Kilner Sharp Kilner Blunt U.S. Pattern

BSN 4A-2 ‘10
 Operating scissors

Schumacher
Busch Braun Stadler

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

 Operating scissors

McIndoe
Strully Toennis - Adson

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

 Operating scissors

Dandy Schmieden Taylor Thorex

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

 Operating scissors

Satinsky
Crafoord Klinkenbergh-Loth

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

BSN 4A-2 ‘10
 Stitch scissors

Spencer Northbent

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

 Stitch scissors

Heath
Littauer
BSN 4A-2 ‘10
BSN 4A-2 ‘10
 Gum Scissors - Wire & Plates Shears

Universal Wire Shear Smith US Army

Beebee Wire Shear
BSN 4A-2 ‘10
 Gum Scissors - Wire & Plates Shears

Wagner Quinby

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

BSN 4A-2 ‘10
 Bandage scissors

Bergmann
Esmarch
Lister

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

 Bandage scissors

Dimeda Excenter Lornez

Knowles
BSN 4A-2 ‘10
 Bandage scissors

Braun
Universal
Wire and Clothing
BSN 4A-2 ‘10
to cut or incise:
Instruments used for this
purpose are frequently
referred to as “sharps”.
They include scissors, knives,
scalpels, chisels and
osteotomes, among
others.

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

 Dissecting scissors

Lexer Straight Lexer Curved Lexer Baby

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

 Dissecting scissors

Metzenbaum Straight Metzenbaum Fino

Metzenbaum Curved
BSN 4A-2 ‘10
BSN 4A-2 ‘10
 Ophthal Nasal Scissors

      

Stevens

Abeli

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

 Ophthal Nasal Scissors

Heymann

Foman Curved

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

BSN 4A-2 ‘10
 Tonsil Vascular Scissors

Cottle
Beuse

Dean BSN 4A-2 ‘10

 Tonsil Vascular Scissors

Good Prince
Boettcher
BSN 4A-2 ‘10
 Tonsil Vascular Scissors

Potts Smith
Potts De Martel
BSN 4A-2 ‘10
 Tonsil Vascular Scissors

Debakey

Debakey Blunt

Debakey Sharp
BSN 4A-2 ‘10
BSN 4A-2 ‘10
 Gynecological Scissors

Wertheim

Sims
Siebold

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

 Gynecological Scissors

Doyen Dubois Kelly

BSN 4A-2 ‘10
BSN 4A-2 ‘10
 Ophthalmic Scissors

Wecker

Noyes
Barraquer
BSN 4A-2 ‘10
 Ophthalmic Scissors

McGuire
Westcott Sharp

Westcott Blunt

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

 Ophthalmic Scissors

Vannas

Castroviejo Blunt

Castroviejo Sharp

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

BSN 4A-2 ‘10
 Trocars Needles

Ochsner

Fleurant

Nelson

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

 Trocars Needles

Abdominal

Lichtwitz
Universal

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

 Trocars Needles

Douglas

Coakley
BSN 4A-2 ‘10
o attach towels, to handle sponges and other material

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

 Towel Forceps

Roeder

Lane
Schaedel

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

 Towel Forceps

Backhaus

Lorna
Jones

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

 Towel Forceps

Moynihan

Ball and Socket

Bernhard

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

 Towel Forceps

Doyen

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

To grasp and handle soft tissue

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

 Thumb Tissue Forceps

Adson Brown

Cushing

Potts-Smith
BSN 4A-2 ‘10
 Thumb Tissue Forceps

Thumb
Lerche

Stille

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

 Thumb Tissue Forceps

Graefe

Adson Micro

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

d for the diagnosis or any surgical procedure of the genito- urina

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

 Urology Instruments

Blake Gall Stone Forceps

Mayo-Blake Gall Stone Forceps

Randall Kidney Stone Forceps

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

 Urology Instruments

Elsasser Kidney Seizing Forceps Mixter Gall Stone Forceps

Mayo-Blake Gall Stone Forceps

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

BSN 4A-2 ‘10
 Bone Rongeurs

Friedman Mini Bone Rongeurs

Friedman Bone Rongeurs Cleveland Bone Rongeurs

BSN 4A-2 ‘10
 Bone Rongeurs

Blumenthal Bone Rongeurs

Mead Bone Rongeurs Luer Bone Rongeurs

BSN 4A-2 ‘10
 Bone Rongeurs

Lempert Bone Rongeurs

Luer Bone Rongeurs Adson Bone Rongeurs
BSN 4A-2 ‘10
 Bone Rongeurs

Stiller Luer Bone Rongeurs

Stiller Luer Bone Rongeurs
Zaufal Jansen Bone Rongeurs
BSN 4A-2 ‘10
To excise, trim and sculpt soft
(cancellous) or hard (cortical)
bone.
Bone Cutters: To cut bone or
to remove bone splinters.

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

 Bone Cutting Forceps

Liston Semb

Cottle Kazanjain
BSN 4A-2 ‘10
 Bone Cutting Forceps

Stille Liston
Langenbeck
Verbrugge Self Centering Forceps
BSN 4A-2 ‘10
To hold, stabilize, rotate,
reduce and compress bone To
position bone screws and
plates and insert K-Wire

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

 Bone Holding Forceps

Farabeuf Lambotte Lambotte Kern

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

 Bone Holding Forceps

Bone Forceps
Lane Bone Holding Bircher Genske Sequester
BSN 4A-2 ‘10
 Bone Holding Forceps

Martin Bone Sequester Forceps

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

To scrape, shape and clean bone

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

 Bone Curettes

Burns Bone Curettes

Volkmann Bone Curettes Spratt Bone Curettes
BSN 4A-2 ‘10
 Bone Curettes

Simon Bone Curettes

Halle Bone Curettes
Volkmann Bone Curettes
BSN 4A-2 ‘10
To score, cut, scrape, clean and
sculpt bone
Osteotomes: To shape and sculpt
bone, particularly cancellous
Chisels: To cut a window in the
bone cortex to allow harvesting of
pure soft bone
Gouges: To scoop away strips of
soft bone, especially in bone
grafting
BSN 4A-2 ‘10
 Bone Chisels & Gouges

Alexander Chisels & Gouges

Osteotomes Chisels & Gouges Partsch Chisels & Gouges

BSN 4A-2 ‘10
 Bone Chisels & Gouges

Smith Peterson Chisels & Gouges

Lambotte Chisels
Stille Chisels & Gouges & Gouges
BSN 4A-2 ‘10
 Bone Chisels & Gouges

Hibbs Chisels Lebsche Bone Chisels

Brunetti Bone Chisels
BSN 4A-2 ‘10
To exert force on osteotomes,
chisels, gouges, etc.
To drive the instruments for
inserting nails into the
medullary canal

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

 Bone Hammers

Gerzog Bone Hammers

Bone Hammers
Kirk Bone Hammers
BSN 4A-2 ‘10
 Bone Hammers

Williger Bone Hammers

Collin Bone Hammers Lucae Bone Hammers

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

To elevate and dissect bone,
tissue, nerves. To clean and
scrape bone.
To expose fracture sites or
bone in other procedures.
Periosteal elevators are used
to strip portions of the
membrane (periosteum)
covering the exterior surface
of a bone.
BSN 4A-2 ‘10
 Bone Periosteal Elevators

Lambotte Periosteal Elevators

Sedillot Periosteal Elevators

Farabeuf Periosteal Elevators
BSN 4A-2 ‘10
 Bone Periosteal Elevators

Williger Periosteal Elevators Doyen Periosteal Elevators

Alexander Periosteal Elevators
BSN 4A-2 ‘10
 Bone Periosteal Elevators

Adson Periosteal Elevators

Adson Periosteal Elevators
Semb Periosteal Elevators
BSN 4A-2 ‘10
BSN 4A-2 ‘10
 E.N.T. Instruments

Yankauer Troeltsch
Lubet Barbon

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

 E.N.T. Instruments

Knight Noyes

Bruenings

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

 E.N.T. Instruments

Cottle

Joseph Freer

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

 E.N.T. Instruments

Bruenings

McKenty
Converse
BSN 4A-2 ‘10
 E.N.T. Instruments

Roger
Fomon Maltz-Cottle

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

 E.N.T. Instruments

Silver
Killian Claus Hajek
BSN 4A-2 ‘10
 E.N.T. Instruments

Lewis
West
Aufricht

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

 E.N.T. Instruments

Gallaher

Fomon

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

 E.N.T. Instruments

Voltolini Thudichum
Mod Wien

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

 E.N.T. Instruments

Tieck Halle Hartmann Halle Mod Wien

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

 E.N.T. Instruments

Struycken Hajek Kofler

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

 E.N.T. Instruments

Rubin Citelli
BSN 4A-2 ‘10
 E.N.T. Instruments

Beyer Middleton Jansen

BSN 4A-2 ‘10
 E.N.T. Instruments

Krause

Killian

Lichtwitz

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

 E.N.T. Instruments

St. Clair Thomson

Walsham
Faulkner

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

 E.N.T. Instruments

Beckmann

Asch Coakley

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

 E.N.T. Instruments

Jatho
BSN 4A-2 ‘10
BSN 4A-2 ‘10
 Instrument Care Instructions

•New Instruments
Newly purchased instruments must be cleaned,
lubricated and autoclaved immediately before
use.
•Correct Use
Obvious as it sounds, it bears repeating:
instruments are designed for a particular
purpose and should be used only for that
purpose. Even the strongest instrument can be
damaged when used inappropriately, i.e., when
a nail splitter is used to cut wire.

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

 Instrument Care Instructions

•Water and Stainless Steel

Ordinary tap water contains minerals that can
cause discoloration and staining. Therefore, we
recommend the use of distilled water for
cleaning, disinfecting, sterilizing and rinsing
instruments. To avoid staining, use a cleaning
solution with a pH near neutral (7). Instruments
should be placed in distilled water immediately
after use. They should never be placed in saline
solution, as it may cause corrosion and
eventually irreversible pitting.

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

 Instrument Care Instructions

•Manual Cleaning and Soaking

When handling instruments, be very careful not to
damage their fine tips and mechanisms. If instruments
have been exposed to blood, tissue, saline or other
foreign matter, they must be rinsed in warm (not hot)
water before these substances are allowed to dry.
Failure to do so may result in rust. After rinsing,
immerse them in a cleaning and disinfecting solution.
Because many compounds, including certain
chemicals, are highly corrosive to stainless steel, rinse
and dry instruments immediately, in case they have
come in contact with any potentially harmful
substances

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

 Instrument Checkup

The best time to review the condition of

instruments is after they have been cleaned and
lubricated and have cooled off. Consider the
following:

•Function:
“Sharps” must cut cleanly (resharpen if needed) and
close properly. Check for burrs along the cutting
edges. Needle holders and clamps must engage
properly and meet correctly at the tips.

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

 Instrument Checkup

Surface:

Carefully inspect surfaces for any sign of staining,

cracking or other irregularities.
Common sources of staining are:
· Inadequate cleaning
· Mixing dissimilar metals
· Impurities in the water
· Unsuitable or improper preparation and usage of
cleaning and disinfecting or maintenance agents
· Non-compliance with operating procedures of
cleaning and sterilizing equipment.

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

 Instrument Checkup

•Lubrication and Autoclaving

All instruments must be properly cleaned before

autoclaving. Then their moving parts, such as box
locks and hinges, should be well lubricated. Be careful
to use surgical lubricants and not industrial oils.
Always sterilize instruments in the open, unlocked
position. We recommend that instruments be wrapped
in cloth and then placed in the container, or that a
cloth be put on the bottom of the pan to absorb
moisture. The cloth should be pH (7) neutral and have
no residue of detergents. Finally, avoid sudden
cooling. Instruments should be allowed to air dry, not
rinsed or dried off.
BSN 4A-2 ‘10
 Instrument Checkup

•Cold Sterilizing or Disinfecting

Prolonged immersion in disinfecting or sterilizing
solution can damage surgical instruments. Do not
soak instruments for longer than 20 minutes. To
render the instruments sterile and ready for use, use
an autoclave cycle.
•Caution:
Instruments with tungsten carbide inserts, such as
wire cutters, needle holders and TC scissors, should
never be immersed in sterilizing solutions containing
benzyl ammonium chloride (BAC). BAC will soften and
dissolve the tungsten carbide. Never use bleach as it
will cause severe pitting.

BSN 4A-2 ‘10

 Storage

•Once instruments are thoroughly dry,

store them in a clean, dry environment.
Never put them in areas where chemicals
may emit corrosive vapors or where
temperature and moisture variations
could cause condensation on the
instruments.

BSN 4A-2 ‘10