1700 1914 By: Shahan Arshad

Evolution rather than Revolution Gradual changes adopted in every sector France already had crafts and even industries. Everything did not have to start from scratch. Some sectors experienced a revolution e.g. cotton industry, but not all.

1760 to 1790: rapid and brilliant beginning. New techniques imported from England England and France not so far apart at this period

1790 to 1815: The slow down French Revolution!

War, disorder, steadily decreasing inflation More investments in real estate and property France did not have a good source of coal, which hindered development. Economy relied on handmade items. Government protected these industries.

1815 to 1850: resumed industrialization Due to return of peace. Profit oriented society Guizots slogan make yourself rich. Guizot law of 1833 also established schools to boost literacy levels. Development of roads, canals and railways by the government. State helped in development by giving subsidies

1850 1870: spread of industrial efforts Unification of the home market by railway Use of new technology in metallurgy Development of foreign competition States policies favored industrialists and businessmen Britain mass produced middle quality items. France was known for its specialization in luxury goods e.g. silk, gloves, porcelain etc.

Marczewski 1815 -1825: 2.4% 1835 1844: 1.9% 1845 1854: 1.8% Crouzet 1815 1913: 1.61% 3% if you only take dynamic industries

Industrialization was slow because people were not quick to migrate to towns from countryside. France had a larger pool of workers. Still remained second biggest exporter of manufactured goods. Industrialization was protracted, steady and solid instead of sudden.

Started out at same level with England in 1700 Outpaced by England, Germany, US, Japan and Russia Effects seen even today in comparison of former colonies

Numerous peasantry, politically influential Unsatisfied workers Society and traditional values instead of pride in technical expertise Society favors the state, religion, authority and submission France did not achieve homogeneity in its society.