The protons are

combined with
the electrons
and oxygen….
O
H H
Pi Pi Pi A
….to form a
molecule of
water

O
H H

Pi Pi Pi A
In the absence
of oxygen, there
is a build up of
hydrogen atoms
H H
H H
H H H H
H H
H H Pi Pi Pi A
The NADH/H+ and FADH2 will
not be reoxidised as they will no
longer be able to release the
Hydrogen they are carrying
H H
H H H+ H+
H H H H
H H H+ H+
H H Pi Pi Pi A
H+ H+
H+ H+
The NADH/H+ and FADH2 will NAD H H
not be reoxidised as they will no
longer be able to release the
Hydrogen they are carrying
H H
H H H+ H+
H H H H
H H H+ H+
H H Pi Pi Pi A
H+ H+
H+ H+
This means that respiration NAD H H
cannot proceed beyond the first
stage – glycolysis.

H H
H H H+ H+
H H H H
H H H+ H+
H H Pi Pi Pi A
H+ H+
H+ H+
This means that respiration
cannot proceed beyond the first
stage – glycolysis.
This means that respiration
cannot proceed beyond the first
stage – glycolysis.
This means that respiration
cannot proceed beyond the first
stage – glycolysis.

The pyruvate accepts hydrogen

atoms from the NADH/H+ directly
in animals
This means that respiration
cannot proceed beyond the first
stage – glycolysis.

The pyruvate accepts hydrogen

atoms from the NADH/H+ directly
in animals
This means that respiration
cannot proceed beyond the first
stage – glycolysis.

NAD H H+

The pyruvate accepts hydrogen

atoms from the NADH/H+ directly
in animals
This means that respiration
cannot proceed beyond the first
stage – glycolysis.

NAD H H+

The pyruvate accepts hydrogen

atoms from the NADH/H+ directly
in animals
This means that respiration
cannot proceed beyond the first
stage – glycolysis.

NAD H H+

The pyruvate accepts hydrogen

atoms from the NADH/H+ directly
in animals
This means that respiration
cannot proceed beyond the first
stage – glycolysis.

H H
NAD

The pyruvate accepts hydrogen

atoms from the NADH/H+ directly
in animals
This means that respiration
cannot proceed beyond the first
stage – glycolysis.

H H
NAD

The pyruvate accepts hydrogen

atoms from the NADH/H+ directly
in animals and forms lactic acid.
This means that respiration
cannot proceed beyond the first
stage – glycolysis.

H H
NAD

A considerable amount of energy

is trapped in the lactic acid.
This means that respiration
cannot proceed beyond the first
stage – glycolysis.

In plants the pyruvate is first

decarboxylated to release CO2
This means that respiration
cannot proceed beyond the first
stage – glycolysis.

O
C
O

In plants the pyruvate is first

decarboxylated to release CO2
This means that respiration
cannot proceed beyond the first
stage – glycolysis.

O
C
O

In plants the pyruvate is first

decarboxylated to release CO2
This means that respiration
cannot proceed beyond the first
stage – glycolysis.

O
C
O

In plants the pyruvate is first

decarboxylated to release CO2
This means that respiration
cannot proceed beyond the first
stage – glycolysis.

O
C
O

The 2C intermediate accepts the

hydrogen atoms from NADH/H+
and forms ethanol
This means that respiration
cannot proceed beyond the first
stage – glycolysis.

O
C
O

NAD H H+

The 2C intermediate accepts the

hydrogen atoms from NADH/H+
and forms ethanol
This means that respiration
cannot proceed beyond the first
stage – glycolysis.

O
C
O

NAD H H+

The 2C intermediate accepts the

hydrogen atoms from NADH/H+
and forms ethanol
This means that respiration
cannot proceed beyond the first
stage – glycolysis.

O
C
O
NAD H H +

The 2C intermediate accepts the

hydrogen atoms from NADH/H+
and forms ethanol
This means that respiration
cannot proceed beyond the first
stage – glycolysis.

O
C
O
NAD H H +

The 2C intermediate accepts the

hydrogen atoms from NADH/H+
and forms ethanol
This means that respiration
cannot proceed beyond the first
stage – glycolysis.

O
C
O
NAD H H +

The 2C intermediate accepts the

hydrogen atoms from NADH/H+
and forms ethanol
This means that respiration
cannot proceed beyond the first
stage – glycolysis.

O
C
O
NAD H H +

A considerable amount of energy

is trapped in the ethanol
In animals the pyruvate is converted to lactic acid:

Glucose
In animals the pyruvate is converted to lactic acid:

Glucose pyruvate
In animals the pyruvate is converted to lactic acid:

Glucose pyruvate lactic acid

In animals the pyruvate is converted to lactic acid:

Glucose pyruvate lactic acid

In plants the pyruvate is converted to ethanol and

carbon dioxide
In animals the pyruvate is converted to lactic acid:

Glucose pyruvate lactic acid

In plants the pyruvate is converted to ethanol and

carbon dioxide

Glucose
In animals the pyruvate is converted to lactic acid:

Glucose pyruvate lactic acid

In plants the pyruvate is converted to ethanol and

carbon dioxide

Glucose pyruvate
In animals the pyruvate is converted to lactic acid:

Glucose pyruvate lactic acid

In plants the pyruvate is converted to ethanol and

carbon dioxide

Glucose pyruvate ethanol + CO2

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