Managing Organization Change

Customized AIT Training Program For the National Family Planning Coordinating Board of Indonesia

The Mirror of the Economic World

Critical And Creative Thinking In Life

A session with Dr. Prof. B.K. Passi
Prasena Think Tank

12 December 2002

Emerging goals of life

Full development of human potentials through critical and creative thinking Do you agree?

Are critical and creative thinking act as our goals or means?

Why are critical and creative thinking gaining importance these days?

Critical and creative thinking are primary types

Approaches: Conventional-Creative-Critical

How powerful are brain and mind?

Brain and the Universe

1. 2. Brain has 10 billion nerve cells Total Atoms in the Universe=1 0000000000, 0000000000, 0000000000, 0000000000,
0000000000, 0000000000, 0000000000, 0000000000, 0000000000, 0000000000,

3.

Possible Inter-Connections in the brain=1 0000000000, 0000000000, 0000000000,

0000000000, 0000000000, 0000000000, 0000000000, 0000000000, 0000000000, 0000000000, 0000000000, 0000000000, 0000000000, 0000000000, 0000000000, 0000000000, 0000000000, 0000000000, 0000000000, 0000000000, 0000000000, 0000000000, 0000000000, 0000000000, 0000000000, 0000000000, 0000000000, 0000000000, 0000000000, 0000000000, 0000000000, 0000000000, 0000000000, 0000000000, 0000000000, 0000000000, 0000000000, 0000000000, 0000000000, 0000000000, 0000000000, 0000000000, 0000000000, 0000000000, 0000000000, 0000000000, 0000000000, 0000000000, 0000000000, 0000000000 0000000000, 0000000000, 0000000000, 0000000000, 0000000000, 0000000000, 0000000000, 0000000000, 0000000000, 0000000000, 0000000000, 0000000000, 0000000000, 0000000000, 0000000000, 0000000000, 0000000000, 0000000000, 0000000000, 0000000000, 0000000000, 0000000000, 0000000000, 0000000000, 0000000000, 0000000000, 0000000000, 0000000000, 0000000000, 0000000000

4. 5. 6.

Brain cell inter-connections more than the total universe- atoms? We are using 10 % of our brains Brain is a self expanding and self organizing entity

Left Brain & Right Brain

FACTS IDEAS

VERBAL

SPATIAL

STRUCTURED

OPEN-ENDED

SEQUENCE

RELATIONSHIPS

OUTLINE

INTUITIVE

LOGICAL

SUMMARY

Human Information Processing -- HIPS

Systems: 99% of human potential is lost

1. nurture-loss is 90% of total available

potential Third management loss is 66%

2. Selection loss is 70%

Mind another view (Dr. Jumsai)

Super-conscious

Intuition Five senses

Conscious

Sixth sense Love

Emotions Environment
Unconscious

Critical-Creative & Multiple Intelligences

CRITICAL
Musical Spatial Intrapersonal Naturalistic

Linguistic Existential Interpersonal

Body Kinesthetic Logical Mathematical

CREATIVE

Multiple intelligence three categories

1. Object-related forms of intelligence: subject to the kind of control exerted by the structure and functions of the particular objects with which individuals come into contact.
Spatial Intelligence- Picasso Logical-Mathematical Intelligence- Einstein Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence- Charlie Chaplin

2. Object-free forms of intelligence: not fashioned or channeled by the physical world but, instead, reflect the structures of particular languages and music.
Linguistic Intelligence- Tagore Musical Intelligence- Beethoven

3. Personal forms of intelligence: reflect a set of powerful and competing constraints - the existence of one's own person; the existence of other persons; the culture's presentations and interpretations of selves.
Intrapersonal Intelligence- Freud Interpersonal Intelligence- Gandhi

What is Critical Thinking?

Critical Thinking

...a conscious and deliberate process which is used to interpret or evaluate information and experiences with a set of reflective attitudes and abilities that guide thoughtful beliefs and actions

Mertes, L. (1991). Thinking and writing. Middle School Journal, 22, 24-25.

Critical Thinking

...the intellectually disciplined process of actively and skillfully conceptualizing, applying, analyzing, synthesizing, and/or evaluating information gathered from, or generated by, observation, experience, reflection, reasoning, or communication, as a guide to belief and action*

*Scriven, M., & Paul, R. (1992, Critical Thinking Conference, Atlanta, GA.

Critical Thinking A Cyclic Process

Critical thinking is purposeful, self-regulatory judgment which results in interpretation, analysis, evaluation, and inference, as well as explanation of the evidential, conceptual, methodological, criteriological, or contextual considerations upon which that judgment is based.

Critical thinking process-

Interpretation
Analysis Process Purposeful Inference Evaluation

Judgment
Self regulatory
Considerations

Evidential Contextual
Conceptualization

Methodological

inquisitiveness Cognitivematurity

Open mindedness

Truthseekingattitude

Thinker Critical

Systematic ability

Selfconfidence

Analyticity

Creative Thinking

Is Creativity?
1. Mysterious to understand
2. Unlimited in scope

3. Meant for all historical times

4. Lies in every activity

5. Possessed by all
6. Luxury of advanced nations

7. Can it be developable?

Myths about the process of developing creativity

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Creativity is natural gift it cannot be taught Creativity is in rebels Creativity lies in right-brain Art, artists only has creativity Releasing blocks will bring creativity Intuition alone helps creativity Needs craziness for creativity Scatter-gun success for creativity Big-jump and small-jump creativity Group or Individual which one is useful Intelligence and creativity are same

Passi: definition of creativity

Creative thinking is an action of mind that purposefully manipulates the environment for creating new ideas and establish novel patterns and relationships. Creativity is a multi-facet and multi-dimensional attribute differentially distributed among people and includes chiefly factors of seeing problems, fluency, flexibility, originality, elaboration, and includes the passion of inquisitiveness and persistency.

Seeing Problems

Inquisitiveness

Fluency

Creativity
Persistence
Flexibility

Elaboration Originality

Creativity is walking alone

1= Man who follows the crowd, will usually get no further than the crowd. The man who walks alone is likely to find himself in places no one has ever been before. 2= Creativity in living is not without its attendant difficulties, for peculiarity breeds contempt. And the unfortunate thing about being ahead of your time is that when people finally realize you were right, theyll say it was obvious all along. 3= You have two choices in life: you can dissolve into the mainstream or you can be distinct. To be distinct, you must be different. To be different, you must strive to be what no one else IS, but you can be...

+ive & -ive Environments

Seven Environments

1.Calm

5.Cautious

3.Oppression

Creativity-blocks: which one(s) we suffer most

ENVIRONMENTALNON-SUPPORTIVE

CULTURALOPPRESSIVE

EMOTIONALIRRATIONAL
LAW OF REGRESSIVE

INTELLECTUAL L-R BRAIN PERPETUAL - SENSES

The nicely-adapted organisms are least likely to survive in major change

1= While tackling old problems 11= When logical thinking fails 10= To escape from traditions 2=During free time after problems 3= When pay off of new ideas is large

When To Use Creativity?

9= To dissolve artificial problems 8= To find new opportunities 7= Inferring new utility of data 4= Routine reexamination of assumptions 5= Generating alternative decisions 6= Inferring new utility of data

Approaches: to develop thinking ?

2= By-product approach

1=Natural approach

Approaches: Teaching Thinking

5= Puzzles and games approach

3= Logic approach

4= Discussion approach

Direct approach

Can we link these approaches to disciplines?

Can meditation and yoga help us