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Chapter Fourteen
Bioethics Ethical Issues in Medicine (selected slides)
What Is Bioethics?
Bioethics means life ethics, or ethics in medicine
What actions might be covered by bioethics?
What Is Bioethics?
Bioethics means life ethics, or ethics in medicine
Bioethics covers the areas of caring for the dying; allowing someone to die, mercy death, and mercy killing; human experimentation and informed consent; genetics, fertilization, and birth; health care and its costs; population and birth control, abortion, and sterilization; allocation of scarce medical resources; and truth telling and confidentiality in medicine
Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Health Care Professionals and Patients and Their Families Rights and Obligations
Paternalism is the position that professionals should take a paternal role toward patients and their families
Laypeople dont know whats best for them They should place themselves totally in the hands of professionals Patients and their families are like children when it comes to medical matters
Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Paternalism
Two Models:
The engineering model, in which the physician tries to be an applied scientist who is value free
The problem here is that physicians cannot logically be value free
In the priestly model which is the opposite extreme the physician is a new priest
The problem is that he or she is still making decisions for the patient
Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Health Care Professionals and Patients and Their Families Rights and Obligations
Radical individualism is the position that patients should have absolute rights over their bodies and lives and may therefore reject doctors recommendations
Doctors are just people with special training; they make mistakes Patients and their families are better qualified to make decisions concerning their own treatment
Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Health Care Professionals and Patients and Their Families Rights and Obligations
The reciprocal model utilizes the team approach, in which patients and their families work with health care personnel to do what is best for patients
Professionals are just people with special training Many decisions are not strictly medical, so a team approach is needed to make treatment decisions
Confidentiality
Generally, the matter of confidentiality seems fairly clear in that what goes on between doctors and patients should always be confidential At the same time, everything must be done to protect the innocent from contagion
Behavior Control
How do we determine what constitutes undesirable or socially unacceptable behavior? Which means of behavior control should be considered ethical? Who should determine when to control behavior?
Human Experimentation
Human experimentation is the use of human beings for experimental purposes, either for their own therapy, for the good of humanity, or to advance scientific knowledge