ISHRAE INSTITUTE OF EXCELLENCE

PRESSURE TESTING
An AC & R system operates at high pressures and hence has to be without leaks.
The method of ensuring this is the pressure testing.

Why system has to be leak proof?

Otherwise the refrigerant will escape from the system when the system pressure is
higher than atmospheric pressure. Refrigerant being costly, we cannot afford to
lose the same into atmosphere. Also with lesser refrigerant, cooling will also be
lesser and more running of the compressor.

When the system pressure is less than atmospheric pressure, entry of air with
moisture into the system will result in high head pressure; less cooling; failure of
expansion valves, more running of compressor (more wear & tear of parts in the
compressor) high consumption of power etc.

Loss of refrigerant also adds to the Global Warming.

Operating Pressure of AC & R Systems

The operating pressure of AC & R system denotes the condensing pressure and
suction pressure.

Condensing temperature depends upon the ambient temperature (DB for air
cooled systems and WB for water cooled systems ).

ISHRAE INSTITUTE OF EXCELLENCE
The operating pressure also varies with refrigerant used. Please refer the table
enclosed.

Generally the system is tested to 1.5 times (minimum) the operating pressure.

Normally the factory that manufactures the units / components like Room air
conditioners, packaged air conditioners, compressors, condensers, chillers, cooling
coils, expansion valves etc. are pressure tested before dispatched to the field. The
pressures to which they are tested are also indicated there in. In the field what we
test is only the refrigerant piping & connections to ensure that they are leak proof
(of course the components also go through the test)

Normally for water cooled system high side is tested to 300 PSI (g) and low side to
150 PSI (g), for air cooled system, high side is tested to 400 PSI (g) & low side to
150 PSI (g).

Pressure testing procedure

O In AC & R system there are two areas high-pressure area and low-pressure area.

O Compressor discharge shut off valve to inlet of expansion valve is high-pressure
area.

O Outlet of expansion valve to the suction service shut off valve on the compressor is
low-pressure area.

ISHRAE INSTITUTE OF EXCELLENCE
O High side has to be tested for high pressure (1.5 times condenser pressure max)

O Low side has to be tested for low pressure (1.5 times evaporator pressure / suction
pressure / Standing pressure)

O First test the entire system to low pressure and make sure that there are no leaks
(all the valves are kept open)

O Shut off the discharge service shut off valve and the liquid line service valves.

O Apply high pressure to the high side only and test the systems for leak.

How to detect leaks?

O Soap Solution (Easy & Cheap)

Let standard nitrogen into the system at desired test pressure.
Smear soap solution over every joint / pipe seams.

Observe formation of bubbles.
Stop the leak.
Pressure test again till we are sure that there are no more leaks.


ISHRAE INSTITUTE OF EXCELLENCE
Halide leak detector

A burning flame, which is blue in color, will turn green when any of Halogen gas
(Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, and Iodine) comes near the flame.
This is not suitable for ammonia or any systems that uses a fluid other than
halogen gas.

Electronic Leak Detector

The electronic leak detector or sniffer as it is sometimes called is a device that
works by detecting the presence of halogen vapor. The leak detector consists of
the detector units or gun, control unit and necessary leads. The detector units
are a hand held probe with a pistol grip and metal nozzle with a plastic tip. It
contains an element, which is sensitive to halogen compound vapor and a
blower, which draws air into the detector unit. The control unit is a self-contained
portable unit containing power supply, amplifier & necessary controls.

In testing for a leak, the nozzle of the probe is held about inch from the spot
being tested and is moved over the surface slowly. As the nozzle passes over a
leak, the halogen vapor is drawn in and as the vapor reaches the element, we will
get either visible (increase of current) or audible indications.

ISHRAE INSTITUTE OF EXCELLENCE
VACUUMISING
What is Vacuumising?
Ensuring that the AC&R system is without moisture and air at the time of charging
oil and refrigerant is Vacuumising.

Why should we have a vacuumised system?

; Air inside the system will:-
a. Prevent us from charging refrigerant fully.
b. Remain as a non- condensable inside the condenser and reduce condenser
capacity and thus reduces the cooling effect.
c. Increase condensing temperature, temperature of parts inside the compressor.
d. Reduce the effective use of electric power consumed lower efficiency.

; Moisture inside the system will result in:-
a. Formation of acids inside the compressor due to heat, oil, gas & moisture.
b. Acids acting on the motor winding if it is a hermetic / semi-hermetic compressor.
c. Acids will act on the part of the compressor resulting in corrosion.
d. Breakdown of compressor either electrical or mechanical or both.
e. Blocking of expansion valve at the needle valve by formation of ice.
f. Poor operation of system.

ISHRAE INSTITUTE OF EXCELLENCE
What should be the extent of vacuum required?

Unit of measurement of vacuum in AC&R industry is MICRON. One micron is one
millionth part of a meter 1 micron is 1/1000 mm, which is 0.001mm.

The limit specified should be acceptable and practicable.

We can examine the boiling point of water being 32oF at 0.18 inch of mercury
which is 4.5 mm i.e., a vacuum of 29.74 inches (755 mm of mercury) of 4500
microns. This limit is very practical in the field.

However we aim at 29.917 inches (759 mm at sea level) in order to have a better
system for hermetic /semi hermetic compressor system. This too is possible.

What are the procedures adopted while Vacuumising?

First we need a good vacuum pump, secondly we need a good system without
leaks.

A good vacuum pump is one which can draw the required vacuum within a
reasonable time.

In a rotary pump there is no clearance volume and hence deep vacuum is possible.
A two stage pump is more desirable to make sure that the discharge air is at a
pressure higher than the atmospheric pressure. Air ballast facility with the vacuum
pump is beneficial to make the operation faster.

ISHRAE INSTITUTE OF EXCELLENCE
The air ballast is a manually operated valve which allows a certain amount of
atmospheric air into the compression side of the rotor and this air becomes hot
while passing through the body of the vacuum pump and carries away the moisture
to the atmosphere.

DO NOT USE THE SYSTEM COMPRESSOR FOR DRAWING VACUUM as the
compressor cannot draw the required vacuum, the compression ratio will become
very high and will heat up the parts badly.

System should not have leaks, as that will prevent us from drawing a good desired
vacuum.

Vacuum pump should have oil of proper quality and changing the oil is desired as
the oil will be absorbing moisture while in operation.

Connection between vacuum pump and the ACR system should be minimum with
two pipes, one leading to the high side and another to the low side, the pipes
should be of at least dia.

A non-return valve between pump and system is desirable to avoid suction of oil in
to the compressor in the event of power failure.

One vacuum gauge has to be located at the farthest point from the pump and at the
top most point on the system and this alone can be the one to establish the vacuum
inside the system.

ISHRAE INSTITUTE OF EXCELLENCE
How to check the exact vacuum inside?

; Instruments used are:-
a. Compound gauge
b. Vacuum gauge
c. McLloyd manometer
d. Electronic vacuum gauge

Both compound gauge and vacuum gauge are susceptible to errors or incorrect
readings, being a mechanical contrivance. It is difficult to read vacuum below 29
inches of mercury (25400 microns) McLloyd manometer can read even 100
microns.
Even electronic vacuum gauges are very sensitive.

Vacuum standing test

Using a good quality vacuum pump, draw the desired vacuum in the entire system.
Note down the date, time, and temperature of the surrounding and quantum of
vacuum reached. Close the valves of vacuum pump. On the next day and at the
same time (after 24 hours) observe the vacuum in the system and temperature of
surrounding air.

Subject to slight variation in ambient temperature vacuum should remain same. If
not, then there is leak, which is to be detected & arrested.
Vacuum holding test is very essential for absorption machines and centrifugal
machines, which use R 11 that work with vacuum as suction.

ISHRAE INSTITUTE OF EXCELLENCE
IMPORTANT
Have total patience while carrying out pressure testing. Do not hurry up.

Educate the client the need to have a proper pressure testing.

Do not rely on the work of a new comer who has no experience.

Do not use oxygen for pressure testing.

Do not use the gas cylinder without proper pressure regulating valve.

Do not test the system for a pressure higher than the desired pressure.

Do not start the system while pressure testing is in progress even by chance.

Whenever the manufacturer specifies the pressure limit, never exceed the same.

The purpose of the leak testing is to detect leak and not to assume there is no
leak.

A leak in the system not detected and rectified at the correct time, can lead to
costly and time consuming work after the plant is put to operation.

Like vacuum standing test, standing pressure test for 24 hours should also be
conducted.

ISHRAE INSTITUTE OF EXCELLENCE


How to improve Vacuumising process?

Methods usually adopted to improve the evacuating and dehydration process are:

a. Heating the system. This is O.K for small systems only. The size of the oven
decides the size of the system it can handle. Sometimes cooling coils and
condensers are flame heated to drive the moisture quickly.

b. Triple evacuation. After vacuumising fully, charge the system with R22 to 2 Psig, let
the gas and Re-Vacuumise. Do this operation thrice. The gas let out drives the
moisture quickly.

c. Use cold trap. Cold trap is an inter cooler placed between the vacuum pump and
the system. The intercooler provides a cold surface in the air stream from the
system and the moisture in the air gets condensed on the cold surface. The air
going beyond the cold trap is with less moisture.

ISHRAE INSTITUTE OF EXCELLENCE


How long should we Vacuumise the system?

One answer is that the Vacuumising should be done till you draw the required
vacuum, the reading on the proper instrument located at the correct place is
important.

The size of the vacuum pump has to match the system volume. Using a 1/4 HP
pump on packaged unit seems not matching especially if there is time too.

> Remember

. Moisture, air and non-condensable should be removed from the refrigeration
system to the maximum extent possible. Hence, before a system can be charged
with a refrigerant, the system should be thoroughly evacuated and dehydrated by
drawing a high vacuum. If this is not done in the initial stage itself, we will never get
a clean system.

ISHRAE INSTITUTE OF EXCELLENCE
CHARGING OF OIL, REFRIGERANT & BRINE
; CHARGING OIL

o Lubrication is the process by which the moving parts are kept separate by a film of
oil. Since heat is generated by the moving parts (bearings), the oil film also gets
heated up. This heated oil should be continuously replenished with oil at a
comparatively lower temperature. In some cases it is even necessary to cool the
oil to take away the heat the oil picks up (in the bearings & oil pump) such as
centrifugal machines and low temperature jobs. So in addition to lubricate the
bearings, oil helps in keeping down the temperature of the bearings.

o Lubricating oil for refrigeration compressor are special products. In a refrigeration
compressor oil comes into contact with and often mixes with refrigerant. Hence oil
should be selected to conform to the special needs of the system and should have
required qualities. They are:-

Have a pour point low enough to allow flow at any point in the system.

Leave no carbon deposit when in contact with hot surface.

Encountered in the system during normal operation.

Deposit no wax even at the lowest temperature to be encountered in the system.

ISHRAE INSTITUTE OF EXCELLENCE

Contains no corrosive acid.

Have a high resistance to flow of electricity.

Have a high flash and fire point to indicate proper blending.

Be light in color to indicate proper refining.

Contains no sulphur.

Refrigerant oils being special, should have the following special characteristics.

; Viscosity:

It is the amount of resistance that a fluid offers to its flow. It is obvious that thin oil
will flow more freely than thicker oil. The thinner oil is said to be at a Low viscosity as
compared to thicker oil, which is at a higher viscosity. A viscosity is indicative of how
thick or thin oil at a particular temperature & how readily it will flow at that
temperature. Viscosity of an oil changes with temperature. Viscosity increases as
temperature falls & vice-versa.

ISHRAE INSTITUTE OF EXCELLENCE


Thick oil will not be able to penetrate and flow freely in the bearings and provide
proper lubrication. On the other hand thin oil will not be able to form a protective
layer between rubbing surfaces, as it will flow out very freely & quickly.

As the oil particles are carried along with the refrigerant through out the system the
oil is subjected to extreme temperatures low temperature in the evaporator & high
in the cylinder head. Therefore it should be in a position to flow freely at both low &
side temperature.

Floc Point

The refrigerant oil may contain certain amount of paraffin, which will precipitate at
low temperature. The floc point is the temperature at which wax will start to
precipitate from a mixture of 90% of refrigerant and 10% of oil by volume. If an oil
of high floc point is used wax will separate at expansion valve / capillary tubes and
restricts flow of refrigerant. So a low floc point is necessary for an oil to be used in
the refrigerant system.

Pour point

This is the temperature at which oil ceases to flow. This is very important for low
temperature system. If the pour point is too high the oil becomes sluggish in
movement and tends to cling to old evaporator surfaces causing a loss in the
evaporator capacity.

A low pour point will also have a low floc point.

ISHRAE INSTITUTE OF EXCELLENCE
Dielectric strength

It is indicative of the resistance the oil offers to the flow of electric current
through it. It is a measure of impurities in the oil. If the oil contains
moisture & other impurities, its resistance to flow of current is low. A high
dielectric strength is an indication of oil having less moisture and
contaminants. Dielectric strength is important in hermetic units.

Carbonization(Chemical stability)

For the oil to perform its lubricating function efficiently it should remain
stable (and should not carbonize) for long period of time when it is in
contact with hot surfaces in the system.

Oxidation Stability

It is the ability of oil to remain stable even in the presence of oxygen.
Combination of air, moisture and refrigerant oil at high temperature
produce acid which creates sludge.

Corrosion Tendency

Sulphur is already an enemy of the refrigeration system & in the presence
of moisture, sulphuric acid is formed which is most corrosive compound.

ISHRAE INSTITUTE OF EXCELLENCE
Moisture content

Moisture contributes to copper plating and causes sludge and acid and
combinations of all above cause freeze ups.

Colour

Refrigerant oil should be light in color (not pure water white). Continual
refining results in water white color and that oil has poor lubricating
qualities. Under-refining leaves a high content of unsaturated
hydrocarbons which darken the oil.

> Important

. Charge only correct quantity of oil suitable for the system

. Charge oil after vacuum sing.

. Dont charge any oil available in stores.

. Excess oil reduce refrigeration

. Crankcase heater should have electric supply from same source as that of
compressor.

ISHRAE INSTITUTE OF EXCELLENCE

Charging Refrigerant

You are aware that refrigerant is the medium through which heat absorbed
from the substance to be cooled is discarded (rejected) to the atmosphere.
The refrigerant does not undergo any chemical changes as it only
alternately vaporizes and condenses. The refrigerant should posses
chemical, physical & thermodynamic properties to make it safe &
economical for use.

Desired Characteristics

. Low freezing temperature: The freezing point should be much below the
expected evaporator temperature (Otherwise it will freeze & circulation will
cease).

. High critical pressure: If the critical pressure of refrigerant is low its vapor
(such as carbon dioxide) cannot be condensed. Hence it should have high
critical pressure.

. Safety: It should be safe to use. It shall be stable, non-toxic, non
explosive, non-flammable, chemically inert. It should not break down or
decompose under operating conditions. It should not react with materials
used in the system. It shall not react chemically with the lubricating oil
used.

ISHRAE INSTITUTE OF EXCELLENCE
Charging of Refrigerant

Before charging the gas into the systems, be sure that the cylinders contain the
correct gas. Check the standing pressure inside the cylinder. Note down the ambient
temperature & corresponding pressure of refrigerant gas from table / chart. If the two
pressures are same then the cylinders contain the correct gas otherwise it is not.

The wetness (moisture) of the refrigerant is difficult to establish. It is advisable to use
a large size drier in the charging line, which will eliminate or reduce the moisture
content.

Amount of refrigerant
Amount of refrigerant required for a system can be estimated as (A + B + C + D)
where
A Amount required for cooling
B Operating charge of condenser
C Operating charge of chiller\
D Amount required filling the internal volume of pipelines.
B & C Generally available from equipments
A & D can be calculated.

ISHRAE INSTITUTE OF EXCELLENCE
TABLES
COMMONLY USED REFRIGERANTS & THEIR STANDING PRESSURE
REF. 11 12 22 134a 717
TEMP. PRESSURE IN PSIg
F
-50 28.96* 15.43* 6.15* 20.52 14.30*
-40 28.40* 10.97* 0.52* 22.45 8.70*
-30 27.80* 5.49* 4.87* 24.88 1.60*
-20 27.00* 0.57* 10.19 27.91 3.8
-10 26.00* 4.49 16.46 31.63 9.00
0 24.70* 9.15 24.00 36.16 15.7
10 23.80* 14.64 32.77 41.61 23.8
20 21.07* 21.04 43.03 48.10 33.5
30 18.61* 28.45 54.89 55.75 45.00
40 15.62* 36.97 68.51 64.70 58.6
85 3.5 95.00 157.00 124.88 152.00
95 7 108.00 183.00 143.58 181.00
105 11 126.00 213.00 164.58 214.00
115 16 146.00 245.00 188.06 251.00
125 21 169.00 280.00 214.19 293.00
135 27.5 193.00 320.00 243.19
145 334 220.00 363.00 275.66
* Indicates vacuum pressure (in inches of mercury vacuum)


ISHRAE INSTITUTE OF EXCELLENCE
IMPORTANT:
> Charging has to be done slowly. For charging we should use a small dia
pipe (1/4") & not like vacuumising where we use bigger size pipes.

> Initially charging has to be through liquid line only. Do not charge liquid
refrigerant into suction line. Final charging (small quantities) can be through
suction line (only after making sure that only gas enters the system)

> Keep the cylinder vertical while charging into suction line.

> While charging refrigerant, keep a watch on the current drawn by the
compressor (should not exceed full load current), suction pressure,
discharge pressure, level of liquid in the condenser.

> System should be charged only to the extent required.

> Make sure that safety controls are fully in circuit and not bypassed when the
system is getting charged also.

ISHRAE INSTITUTE OF EXCELLENCE
Charging of Brine
The lowest temperature of water from a dry expansion chiller is around 40 deg F
and from a flooded chiller around 38 deg F. If the system cools water to lower
temperatures there will be freezing and consequent bursting of tubes etc.

So, when we need a liquid at a temperature below 40 deg F, brine is used.
Brine could either be:-
a) An aqueous solution of inorganic salt like sodium chloride or calcium chloride, or
b) An aqueous solution of organic compound like alcohols or glycols, or
c) Chlorinated or fluorinated hydrocarbons and halocarbons.

Brine selected must have:

Freezing point lower than the lowest operating temperature.
Suitability with the application produce should not get contaminated.
Good thermal performance High values of specific gravity, conductivity and
specific heat, and low values of viscosity promote a high rate of heat transfer.
Acceptable by the codes, ordinances, regulatory agencies and insurance
companies.

Before starting the refrigeration plant, brine of adequate concentration must be
ready in the system. Concentration can be established in the field by measuring the
specific gravity of the solution and cross checking with a chart like the one enclosed
for sodium chloride. Make sure that the chart is for the particular brine selected for
the job.

ISHRAE INSTITUTE OF EXCELLENCE
DOS AND DONTS
; Vacuumising

Dos:

a. Educate the client on the desirability of drawing good vacuum.
b. Use a good vacuum pump of adequate capacity with two pipes, one to
high side and another to low side, pipes of large diameter pump and
system, with a proper instrument to read the vacuum.
c. Take the reading on the instrument and hour after stopping the pump.
d. Allow time to stop leaks and then re -Vacuumise.

Donts:

a. DO NOT be in a hurry to charge the system.
b. DO NOT rely on a new comer to take the final readings and the decision
to stop Vacuumising.

ISHRAE INSTITUTE OF EXCELLENCE
; Oil Charging

Dos:

a. Calculate the quantity of oil to be charged & charge only the required
quantity of oil.
b. Get the oil certified for suitability of the quality of oil for the specific
application.
c. Charge oil after vacuumising is over.

Donts:

a. Use any oil available in store the result could be disastrous.
b. Top up the system with oil before making sure of the location of the oil
already charged. Excess oil in system will reduce refrigeration.
c. Have a crankcase heater, which gets its electric supply from the same
source as the compressor.

ISHRAE INSTITUTE OF EXCELLENCE
; Refrigerant Charging

Dos:

a. Check the quality of refrigerant before charging as a rule. Charge only
adequate quantity of refrigerant.

Donts:

a. Do not charge in a hurry. Haste makes waste.
b. Depending on a junior / raw person in deciding the rate, extent of charging
is not desirable.
c. Do not bypass the safety controls even for a short time while charging the
refrigerant.
REFRIGERANT PROPERTIES


Refrigerant R-11 R-12 R-22 R-717 R-502*
Chemical Name Tri-Chloro
monofluor
o- methane
Dichloro
diffuoro-
methane
Monochloro
- diffuoro-
methane
Ammonia R-22 plus
R115
Chemical symbol CCI
3
F CCI
2
F
2
ChCIF
2
NH
3
CHCIF
2
+
CCIF
2
CF
2

Boiling point
0
F (+) 74.9 (-) 21.6 (-) 41.4 (-) 28 (-) 50.0
Boiling point
0
C (23.8) (-29.8) (-40.8) (-33.3) (-45.6)
Critical pressure PSIg 625 582 707 1642 576
Critical pressure KSC (43.9) (40.9) (49.7) (115.5) (40.5)
Critical temperature
0
F 388.4 233.6 204.8 271.4 180
Critical temperature
0
C (198) (112) (96) (133) (82.2)
Oil solubility Completely
miscible
Completely
miscible
Partially
miscible
Not
miscible
Low
miscibility
Leak detection by Halide torch or electronic leak detector SO2 gives
white
smoke
Halide or
electronic
Toxic No No No Yes No
Flammable No No No Yes (under
certain
conditions)
No
Compressor displacement
required to produce one TR
**(CFM)
36.5


5.83 3.55 3.44 3.61
Discharge temperature **
o
F
/ (
o
C)
111/
(43.8)
101/
(38.3)
128/ (53.3) 210/ (98.9) 99 (37.2)
Theoritical power**
(Bhp/ ton)
0.938 1.002 1.011 0.989 1.079
Coefficient of performance
**
5.03 4.70 4.66 4.76 4.37

*R-502 is a mixture of 48.8% of R-22 and 51.2% of Chloropenta - fluoroethane
** All rating for 5
0
F (-15
0
C) evaporator and 86
0
F (30
0
C) condensing as this parameter was
adopted as standard to compare capacities in early development of refrigeration.

SOLUBILITY OF WATER IN LIQUID REFRIGERANTS

(Solubility in ppm by weight)

Temperature R-11 R-12 R-22 R-502
100
0
F (37.80
0
C) 168 165 1800 740
40
0
F (4.40
0
C) 44 32 690 300
0
0
F (-17.80
0
C) 15 8 308 120
(-) 40
0
F (-40
0
C) 4 2 120 40


ISHRAE INSTITUTE OF EXCELLENCE
PROPERTIES OF REFRIGERATION OIL AND SUPPLIERS

Specification
No.
PP-16.2 PP33-1 PP33-2 PP34-3 PP36-1 PP36-2 PP46-1 PP49-2
Viscosity at
100
0
F (SSU)
300 +/ -
25
150 +/ -
10
150 +/ -
10
200 +/ -
15
300 +/ -
20
300 +/ -
25
300 +/ -
25
350 +/ -
25
Viscosity at
210
0
F (SSU)
50-55 40-45 40-45 40-45 45-50 45-50 45-50 50-55
Dielectric
(mm)
- 25KV 25KV 25KV 25KV 25KV 25KV -
Pour point
(max)
0
F
20 -35 -35 -35 -25 -25 -20 -
Flash point
(mm)
0
F
400 330 330 355 350 350 350 -
Neutralisation
Number
(max)
1 .05 .05 .02 .05 .05 .05 .5
Floc Point
(max)
0
F
- -70 -70 -70 -50 -50 -10 -
Indian oil
company
Mobile
DTE
Heavy
Medium
Gargoyle
Arctic
155
Gargoyle
Arctic
151
Gargoyle
Arctic
155
Gargoyle
Arctic
300
- Arctic
Extra
Heavy
Delvac
920
Shell Shell
turbo Oil
33
- - - - - Clavus
33
Rimula
#
54802
Caltex Regal Oil
PO
(R&D)
Capella
B
Capella
B1
Capella
C
Capella
D
Capella
D1
Capella
D
Ursa Oil
Hd20
Esso Tereson
52
Zerice R-
43
- - Zerice R-
51
- - -


ISHRAE INSTITUTE OF EXCELLENCE
SUITABILITY OF OIL FOR DIFFERENT APPLICATION

Specification
No.
EVAPORATOR TEMPERATURE IN
0
F REMARKS
R-5 0 0 R-1 2 R-2 2 R-5 0 2 Ammoni
a

PP33-2 - - Above-120 Above-120 -
PP34-3 - - - - Above-40
PP36-1 Above-40 Above-40 Above-40 Above-40 -
OIL FOR HERMETIC & SEMI HERMETIC
RECIPROCATING SMALL COMPRESSORS

Specification
No.
EVAPORATOR TEMPERATURE
0
F
R-5 0 0 R-1 2 R-2 2 R-5 0 2
*PP33-2 Above 0
0
Above 0
0
Above 0
0
Above 0
0
*PP33-1 (not thermally
stabilized) oil having
otherwise the same
specification as PP33-2
has been used locally
without difficulty solar
OILS FOR OPEN CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORS
Specification
No.
EVAPORATOR TEMPERATURE IN
0
F
R-1 1 R-1 2 R-2 2 R-5 0 0 R-1 1 4
PP16-2 Above-40 Above +10 Above +10 Above +10
Above
+10
PP33-1 - Below 40 Below 40 Below 40
Below
20
PP36-1 - Above 40 Above 40 Above 40
Above
20
PP46-1
Above
40**
Above 20 Above 10 Above 10
Above
10
**above 40 for water
chilling service PP-16-2
is to be used. For gears
& couplings use oil as
recommended by
makers.
HERMETIC CENTRIFUGALS 1 9 C
Specification
No.
EVAPORATOR TEMPERATURE 0 F
R-1 1 R-1 2 R-5 0 0 R-1 1 3 R-1 1 4
PP16-2
Above
40
- - -above 40
Above
+20

HERMETIC CENTRIFUGALS 1 9 D