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Bo-An Jang and Hyoyeol Kim Division of Earth Sciences, Kangwon National University, Korea
Modulus of deformation
Modulus of elasticity
Pressure
Displacement
Modulus of Elasticity
Property of intact rock Usually measured from specimen Lab tests - uniaxial compression test In situ test plate loading test, dilatometer test
Modulus of Deformation
Property of rock mass Measured in situ test -plate loading test, dilatometer test An important parameter for design of geotechnical structure
Background
Modulus of deformation is often predicted by RMR Several relations between modulus of deformation and RMR are suggested
80
Bieniawski(1978) :
60
E M 2 RMR 100
EM (GPa)
40
E M 10
RMR 10 40
20
Kim (1993) :
0 0 20 40 60 80 100
RMR
measured by plate loading test. The numbers of data in other researches are small. Modulus of deformation measured by dilatometer may be 2 3 times lower than those measured by plate loading test (Rocha, 1974). Correlation of in-situ modulus of deformation with degree of weathering. Correlation of in-situ modulus of deformation with RMR.
Data collection
2354 data of Modulus of Deformation
were collected.
Kangwon : 870 Kyonggi(with Seoul, Incheon ) : 613 Kyeongbuk(with Daegu) : 274 Kyeongnam(with Busan, Ulsan) : 172 Chungnam(with Daejeon) : 128 Chungbuk : 102 Jeonbuk : 163 Jeonnam(with Gwangju) : 22 Cheju : 10
0.087 0.075
0.07 0.06
Relative Frequncy
Relative Frequncy
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
log EM
log EM
Fresh rock
1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2
0.087 0.075
0.07 0.06
Relative Frequncy
Relative Frequncy
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
0.0 2.0
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
log EM
log EM
Normalized Frequncy
SW HW MW FR
0.43 GPa
1.38 GPa
3.72 GPa
0.0 -2.0
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
log EM
90%
0.8 0.6
CRF
50%
0.4 0.2
HW MW SW FR
FR SW MW HW
10%
0.0 -2
0.07 0.43 1.38 3.72 16.6 GPa
-1
log EM
Degree of weathering Highly weathered rock Moderately weathered rock Slightly weathered rock Fresh rock
In-situ modulus of deformation(GPa) 0.07 ~ 0.43 0.43 ~ 1.38 1.38 ~ 3.72 3.72 ~ 16.6
80
Upper 5% Lower 5%
60
n = 875
EM (GPa)
40
20
0 0 20 40 60 80 100
RMR
RMR 16
E M 10
60
50
n = 786
R = 64.0%
EM (GPa)
40
20
0 0 20 40 60 80 100
RMR
80
60
EM (GPa)
40
20
0 0 20 40 60 80 100
RMR
EM (GPa)
40
20
0 0 20 40 60 80 100
RMR
Gneiss ; n=420
10
EM (GPa)
0.1
EM=10
0.01 0 20
(RMR-16)/50
EM=10
40
0.019*RMR-0.314
R=0.63
100
60
80
RMR
Granite ; n=75
10
EM (GPa)
0.1
EM=10
0.01 0 20 40
(RMR-16)/50 0.019*RMR-0.459
EM=10
R=0.73
100
60
80
RMR
Sandstone ; n=66
10
EM (GPa)
0.1
EM=10
0.01 0 20 40
(RMR-16)/50 0.014*RMR-0.139
EM=10
R=0.57
100
60
80
RMR
Shale ; n=26
10
EM (GPa)
0.1
EM=10
0.01 0 20 40
(RMR-16)/50 0.021*RMR-0.597
EM=10
R=0.68
100
60
80
RMR
limestone ; n=20
10
EM (GPa)
0.1
0.01 0 20
(RMR-16)/50
RMR
Relation between modulus of deformation and RMR for other rock type
100
Others ; n=179
10
EM (GPa)
0.1
EM=10
0.01 0 20 40
(RMR-16)/50 0.019*RMR-0.339
EM=10
R=0.66
100
60
80
RMR
50 ~ 51 52 ~ 58
0 ~ 16 33 ~ 59
37 ~ 55 69 ~ 90
0 ~ 23 44 ~ 77
Moderately weathered Rock : EM = 0.43 ~ 1.38 (GPa) Fresh Rock : EM = 3.72 ~ 16.6 (GPa)
Conclusions
In-situ modulus of deformation of rock masses were correlated with the degree of weathering.
Modulus of deformations show almost the same normal distributions in each degrees of weathering. The ranges of in situ modulus of deformation for each degree of weathering are as follows. completely weathered rocks : 0.07 - 0.43 GPa moderately weathered rocks : 0.43 - 1.38 GPa slightly weathered rocks : 1.38 - 3.72 GPa
fresh rocks
Conclusions
In situ modulus of deformation were correlated with RMR and
or Goodman jack test is 2.5 - 3 times lower than that measured by the plate loading test, which is agreeable with the results obtained by Rocha(1974).
Although small differences of relations with respect to lithology
were found, the equation suggested by this research could be used to predict in situ modulus of deformation from RMR values for all rock types.