Seminar on

Stepper Motors

Presentation byRajvardhan Jaideva 0012ME13ME15 ( M.E.) 1st sem A.P.S. Dept of Mech eng. NITTTR Bhopal

Guided by
Dr. Vandana Somkuwar

Content
1. Motor selection 2. Types 3. Stepper Motor 4. Cross section 5. Operation 6. Advantages 7. Application 8. References

Choosing a Motor
There are numerous ways to design a motor, thus there are many different types of motors. The type of motor chosen for an application depends on the characteristics needed in that application. These include:
How fast you want the object to move, The weight, size of the object to be moved, The cost and size of the motor, The accuracy of position or speed control needed.

Types of Motors
The different types of motors possess different operating characteristics.
Heavy Industrial applications: AC motors Mobile robotics & hobby robots: dc motor, dc servo motor, and stepper motors

Brief overview of the operation characteristics of:

AC motors DC motors DC servo motors Stepper motors

Stepper Motors
Requires a separate controller circuitry or it will not turn when power is applied. Inexpensive and commonly available, especially in salvaged computer equipment Precise positioning is possible by keeping count of steps requested, even without feedback. Torque is highest at the full stop and decreases as speed is increased. If the applied load is greater than the capacity of the motor, the motor may not step, thereby making precise positioning no longer possible.

Cross Section of a Stepper Motor

1

S N
2 2

S N
1

Stepper Motor Operation

A stepper motor consists of:
A permanent magnet rotating shaft (or rotor) Electromagnets on the stator the stationary portion that surrounds the motor

The stepper motor moves as the permanent rotor magnet attempts to line up with the poles of the electromagnets on the stator. The electromagnets are digitally switched to change their pole orientation, which when done in a sequence produces continuous rotation of the rotor, or can be controlled to give precise rotation to a desired angular position.

 The smallest step of angular rotation a stepper motor can make is called its resolution. Unlike the example, which had 90 degrees per step resolution, real motors employ a series of mini-poles on the stator and rotor to increase resolution.
Surprisingly, the same sequence of the 4 stepping phases is used to control this scenario.

Advantages of Stepper Motor

The DC motors on the TekBot offer limited speed control and low torque.
The CEENBot uses a stepper motor for each wheel. The stepper motors on the CEENBot enables accurate wheel positioning with high holding torque and allows for open-loop speed control (wheel position feedback is not required).

Stepper motor applications

Stepping Motor to move read-write head

Paper feeder on printers

Stepper motors

CNC lathes

References
The Difference Between Stepper Motors, Servos, and RC Servos by Roger Arrick http://www.arrickrobotics.com/motors.html How Stepper Motors Work by Images Scientific Instruments http://www.imagesco.com/articles/picstepper/02.html CEENBot Stepper Motor & PM DC Motor Testing Unit Operations Manual by Ben Barenz, CEEN Student Hansen Corp. Servo motors http://www.hansenmotor.com/servo-motors.htm Animated operation of a Unipolar stepper motor: http://www.interq.or.jp/japan/se-inoue/e_step1.htm

ThankYou