PRESENTED BY: TARUN GUPTA 10-MEU-081

Unlike the conventional steering system where a handoperated steering wheel is used to turn the front wheels through the steering column, steer-by-wire technology removes the mechanical and physical links between the driver (steering wheel) and the front wheels, and replace them with electronic actuators and other components like motors, sensors and microcontrollers.

Thus, intermediate shafts, pumps, hoses, coolers, belts and master cylinder are eliminated.

Throttle ByWire

Steer ByWire

DRIVE BYWIRE

Brake ByWire

1995: BMW began work on project Z22 to convert carbon fiber structures to Drive by-wire. 1998: Aircraft technology using computerized joysticks. 2002: Hy-wire car from General Motors. 2013: Nissan, Infinity launch cars with Steer By-Wire technology.

The steering section consists of: 1. Steering wheel 2. Feedback actuator 3. Feedback actuator angle sensor

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The wheel section consists of: Wheels Rack and Pinion Steering actuator Pinion angle sensor

The feedback angle sensor provides the steering actuator with its primary input signal and the pinion angle sensor provides the feedback motor primary signal. The small size of the feedback motor lets the driver rotate the steering wheel with little difficulty.
As soon as the driver starts steering, the control mechanism tries to push the steering wheel back into place (and the wheels into the position dictated by the current position of the steering wheel) and this mimics the resistive force of a real steering wheel. However, changing the proportional constant of the feedback motor can make it harder/easier for the driver to steer and allows for adjustable steering (with some drawbacks such as more vibration).

Some sensors consider the environmental factors like Yaw, Roll Over Position etc. Using all of these inputs, the tires are actuated accordingly with the help of steering sensors and actuators.

Conventional Steering System

Steering By-Wire System

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No steering column Simplify the design of a cars interior, giving the driver more space as well as better safety in case of a crash (no intrusion of the steering column).
The absence of steering shaft and gear reduction mechanism allows much better utilization of the engines compartment. Decreases the total weight of the car issuing better energy reduction effectiveness. Easier implementation of left or right-hand driving. Better NHV performance. The most significant benefit is the ability to electronically augment the drivers steering input depending of drives conditions, also called active steering.

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Higher costs.
Complex systems. System failure will cause accidents. Needs regular maintenance.

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