Profibus DP description

To summarize

Application layer

Link layer

Physical layer

What is Profibus DP

BU Automation Product Support - Training PhB - Profibus DP_Technical Description_en - 04 / 2007

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What is Profibus DP

To summarize

Application layer

Link layer

Physical layer

What is Profibus DP

BU Automation Product Support - Training PhB - Profibus DP_Technical Description_en - 04 / 2007

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History
Profibus = PROcess FIeld BUS
Initialized in 1987 by the German Ministry for Research and Technological

Development.
Now managed by an association of PROFIBUS : - Manufacturers, Users and research institutions - More than 1100 menbers worldwide (Profibus International) Conforms to standard EN 50 170

Profibus International Organization : www.profibus.com

BU Automation Product Support - Training PhB - Profibus DP_Technical Description_en - 04 / 2007

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Profibus versions
Management level

ProfiNet : PROFIBUS on Ethernet/TCP-IP Workshop level

BU Automation Product Support - Training PhB - Profibus DP_Technical Description_en - 04 / 2007

Sensor level

Machine level

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Profibus DP
Field bus level to connect Distributed Peripherals
I/O modules
Speed drive unit Valves Operator terminal,

Data exchange transmission types

Cyclically data exchange : Process Data Aperiodicaly data exchange : Parameters, Alarms and Diagnostic

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Profibus DP OSI model

Application Profiles DP functions 7 APPLICATION LAYER PRESENTATION LAYER SESSION LAYER TRANSPORT LAYER NETWORK LAYER LINK LAYER PHYSICAL LAYER Multi-Masters and Master/Slaves RS485 or Fiber optic
Remote I/O, Speed drive, encoder, Data exchanges, Diagnostic,

6 5 4 3 2 1

BU Automation Product Support - Training PhB - Profibus DP_Technical Description_en - 04 / 2007

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Physical layer

To summarize

Application layer

Link layer

Physical layer

What is Profibus DP

BU Automation Product Support - Training PhB - Profibus DP_Technical Description_en - 04 / 2007

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Transmission technologies
The technologies
RS 485 (2 wires) : Universal applications
Fiber optical (multimode/singlemode) : EMC immunity and longer distances IEC 61 158-2 (4 wires) : Process applications RS 485 Intrinsically Safe (4 wires) : Process application in explosive areas

RS485 is the transmission technology most frequently used by Profibus-DP.

BU Automation Product Support - Training PhB - Profibus DP_Technical Description_en - 04 / 2007

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Profibus nodes addressing

PLC

Remote I/O

Drive

Address 1

Remote I/O

Address 8 Address 4 Address 3

Each node must have its own & unique address Address range : 1 to 125

Address 126 : reserved for address assignment via the bus

Address 127 : reserved for broadcast and multicast communication

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Line Topology for RS485

Bus termination

Device 3

. 32 max.

Device 1 Device 2 Device 4

Bus termination

Bit-rate : 9,6 Kbits/s to 12 Mbits/s 125 devices max. in a fieldbus with 32 devices max. per segment The length of a segment depends on the bit-rate Each segment forms a line with a termination resistor at the beginning and at the end

BU Automation Product Support - Training PhB - Profibus DP_Technical Description_en - 04 / 2007

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Branches in RS485 segments

Bus termination

Device 3

. 32 max. Device 4
Bus termination

Device 1

Device 2

For bit rate up to 1.5 Mbit/s a sum of 6 m for all branches in a segment can be accepted
For higher transmission rates the sum of all branches in a segment must not exceed 0.8m.

Caution: Branches are also present within each device between the Profibus port (connector) and the bus drivers. Manufacturers must reduce such branches to a minimum

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Cable specification
Cable types are available for Fixed Installation
Underground Installation Trailing Chain
Parameter
Cable design Loop impedance Impedance (nominal) Wire diameter Wire cross section Operating capacity

Cable Type A (fixed installation)

two-wire, twisted pair < 110 W per km 135 165 W @ f = 3 20 Mhz > 0.64 mm > 0.34 mm 30 pF / m

Cable A Schneider reference : TSX PBS CA100 (100m) or TSX PBS CA400 (400m)

BU Automation Product Support - Training PhB - Profibus DP_Technical Description_en - 04 / 2007

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Segment length
Bit rate
9.6 Kb/s 187.5 Kb/s 19.2 Kb/s 93.75 Kb/s 500 Kb/s 1,5 Mb/s 3 Mb/s 6 Mb/s 12 Mb/s 1000 m 400 m 200 m 100 m

Length (cable type A)

1200 m

The length of a network can be enlarged by the use of repeaters

The max. number of repeaters between a master and a node is depending from the type of the repeater and is can vary between 3 and 9.

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Repeaters using
Bus termination

Device 3

Device 31

Note : Repeaters do not have bus addresses but do count as device (bus load) in a segment!

Device 1 Device 2

Repeater
Bus termination

Bus termination

Device 60

Repeater Device 61 Device 32

A segment consists of up to 32 bus loads The beginning and the end of a bus/segment must be terminated (termination resistors) The termination resistors must always be supplied with voltage
The repeater(s) allows to increase the length of the bus or/and the devices number
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Bus termination
VP* B A (6) (3) (8)
390 W 220 W 390 W 390 W 220 W 390 W

Data line B

VP*
B A

(6)
(3) (8)

Data line A

DGnd* (5)

DGnd* (5)

A (8)

B (3)

A (8)

B (3)

Device 2

Device 3

* Each device must provide the power supply for the termination resistor (VP=5 VDC)

Station 3

BU Automation Product Support - Training PhB - Profibus DP_Technical Description_en - 04 / 2007

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D-SUB connector
9 pin DSUB male connectors recommended for IP20 The socket (female) is on the device Schneider offer :
Input Bus Output Bus

- 490 NAD 911 03 : with termination resistor - 490 NAD 911 04 : without termination resistor - 490 NAD 911 05 : with selection of termination resistor

Pin 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Signal Shield M24 RxD/TxD-P * CNTR-P DGND * VP * P24 RxD/TxD-N * CNTR-N

Description Shield/Protective earth ground for 24V output voltage Transmit-/Receive data positive (B line), color = red Repeater control signal positive Data Ground Supply voltage for the termination resistors (5V) Output voltage positive 24V 3 Transmit-/ReceiveStation data negative (B line), color = green Repeater control signal negative

* Every device must provide the mandatory signals

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Link layer

To summarize

Application layer

Link layer

Physical layer

What is Profibus DP

BU Automation Product Support - Training PhB - Profibus DP_Technical Description_en - 04 / 2007

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Hybrid access method

PROFIBUS uses a hybrid access method
Active stations communication is based on the token ring concept. Passive stations (slaves) uses the master-slave concept.

Active stations = master devices

Passive stations = slaves devices

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Hybrid access method

Token ring
It ensures that the bus access right is assigned to each master within a precisely defined timeframe. It is a special telegram master which must be passed around the logical token ring once to all masters within a (configurable) maximum token rotation time.

Master Slave concept

It permits the master which currently owns the token to access the assigned slaves (passive devices) and to other masters.

The transmit message send to the slaves and it answer is called PPO (Parameter Process Object).

Note : The Profibus DP module for Premium PLC doesnt support the muti-Master mode

BU Automation Product Support - Training PhB - Profibus DP_Technical Description_en - 04 / 2007

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Frame security mechanisms

Data frame structure example
Start Delimiter Destination address User Data (max. 244 bytes) Frame check sequence End delimiter

Length

Security mechanisms - Start delimiter and End delimiter - Parity bit - Slip-free synchronisation - Frame Sequence Check (CRC) - Distance hamming = 4

Note : Profibus DP device can transfert up 244 bytes of input and output data.

BU Automation Product Support - Training PhB - Profibus DP_Technical Description_en - 04 / 2007

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Application layer

To summarize

Application layer

Link layer

Physical layer

What is Profibus DP

BU Automation Product Support - Training PhB - Profibus DP_Technical Description_en - 04 / 2007

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Communication profiles
DP Master class 1 (DPM1)
Central devices which exchanges I/O data with remote field devices cyclically. Typical devices are PLCs and PCs

DP Master class 2 (DPM2)

Tools using acyclically communication functions for parameter setting, diagnostic functions or monitoring. Typical devices are engeneering tolls.

DP Slave
Peripheral device performing cyclical exchanges with "its" active station.

BU Automation Product Support - Training PhB - Profibus DP_Technical Description_en - 04 / 2007

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Functionnality of the Profibus DP

Basic functions : DP-V0
Cyclic Data Exchange between PLC and Slave devices Diagnostic functions : diagnostic message are transmitted over the bus and collected by the master Bus configuration via device electronic file (GSD file)

Extended functions : DP-V1

All functions DP-V0 and, Acyclic Data Exchange between PC or PLC and Slave devices :
- Parameter assignment, - Alarm and status handling of intelligent devices

BU Automation Product Support - Training PhB - Profibus DP_Technical Description_en - 04 / 2007

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Cyclical data exchanges

When the master sends a request 2 types of exchanges are included in the cyclical frame
Cyclical exchanges : I/O data
A periodic exchanges : Set up parameters, configuration, diagnostics

When the master receives an answer from the slave, the same process occurs (2 types of exchanges are included in return)
Cyclical exchanges : I/O data A periodic exchanges : Parameters monitoring, diagnostics

Aperiodic exchanges are included in the cyclical frames.

BU Automation Product Support - Training PhB - Profibus DP_Technical Description_en - 04 / 2007

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Cyclical data exchanges

Master sends a cyclical request to slave
1st word
PKW

Master receives a cyclical response from slave

1st word

Output Data
PKE PWE aperiodic exchange

Input Data
PKE
PWE aperiodic exchange

PKW

PZD

PZD1 PZD2 PZD3 PZDn periodic exchange

PZD

PZD1
PZD2 PZD3 PZDn periodic exchange

last word PKW (Parameter - Kennung - Wert) : Logical address value PKE (Parameter - Kennung) : Logical address

last word

PWE (Parameter - Wert) : Value of parameter with address in PKE

PZD (Prozedaten) : Process data

- Periodic exchanges are always used and refreshed (device control & monitoring) - Aperiodic exchanges are used where necessary

BUT : all words are exchanged cyclically

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Aperiodic exchanges - PKW using

Output Data Input Data

PKW Word 1 Word 2 Word 3 Word 4

Description PKE output R/W output 0 PWE output

PKW Word 1 Word 2 Word 3 Word 4

Description PKE input R/W/N input 0 PWE input

PKE output : Bits 0 to E : Modbus address of the variable Bit F : = 0 Single write or read = 1 Permanent write or read R/W output : = 16#0052 Read = 16#0057 Write PWE output : = If write : Value to be written

PKE input : Copies of output PKE value R/W/N input : = 16#0052 Correct read = 16#0057 Correct write = 16#004E Write or read error PWE input : If correct read value of the variable If correct write value of output PWE If error = 0 : incorrect address = 1 : write operation refused

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Application profile
Profibus provides some profiles depending of the application to define an interoperability between similar devices for different vendors. Profile examples
PROFIdrive (Speed drive device) It specifies the behavior of devices and the access procedure to data for variable speed drives.
ATV71

Low-voltage switchgear It defines data exchange for low-switchgear (motor staters, switch-disconnectors, etc.) on Profibus DP.
TeSys U TeSys T

Encoders It describes the interfacing of rotary, angle and linear encoders with single-turn or multi-turn resolution. Panel devices (HMI)

It describes the interfacing of simple human machine interface devices (HMI) to higher-level automation components.

BU Automation Product Support - Training PhB - Profibus DP_Technical Description_en - 04 / 2007

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GSD files
It is provided by the manufacturer for all Profibus devices. It is readable ASCII text file and contains both general and devicespecific specifications supported by the device.
Configuration tool allows : - Reads the device identification, the adjustable parameters, the data type and the permitted values for the configuration of the device.

Structure of the GSD file

General specifications - Contain information on vendor and device names, Hardware & software versions, supported transmission rates

Master specifications
- Contain all master related parameters, such as: the maximum slaves number that can be connected, or upload and download options. Slaves specifications - Contain all slave related specifications such as: the number and type of I/O channels, diagnostic texts & information on the available modules in the modular devices case.
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Performances - typical mono Master system

Bus cycle time [ms]
The transmission speed must be fixed in accordance with : - The stations capabilities - The bus length

18 14
10 6 2 5

10

20

30 DP Slaves

Conditions: Each slave has 2 byte input and 2 byte output data. The minimum slave interval is 200 micro seconds. The standard default bus parameters are set.
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To summarize

To summarize

Application layer

Link layer

Physical layer

What is Profibus DP

BU Automation Product Support - Training PhB - Profibus DP_Technical Description_en - 04 / 2007

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To summarize - Physical layer

Topology: Maximum length: Bus with line terminations Depends on the medium & the data rate Min.: 100 m for 12 Mbits/s without repeater Max.: 4800 m for 9.6 kbits/s with 3 repeaters

Data rate:
Max. no. of devices:

9,6 Kbits/s to 12 Mbits/s

32 per segment 125 with repeaters

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To summarize - Link and Application layer

Medium access: Link level Token ring between masters Master slave between master & slaves Frame Sequence Check Start & stop delimiters Parity bit Slip-free synchronization Process Data : cyclically Parameters, diagnostic : aperiodically 244 bytes of PPO for each device Products certified by Profibus organization Communication & application profiles
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Transmission security:

Data exchanges:

Application level

Max. useful data size: Interoperability:

Interchangeability:
BU Automation Product Support - Training PhB - Profibus DP_Technical Description_en - 04 / 2007