WORKING WITH NUMBERS GROUP I MATH IGCSE

RAHMAT HIDAYAT RACHMAT IRAWAN SAEROJI SITI ROHIMI

NUMBER SYSTEM
NATURAL NUMBERS (N) : 1,2,3,4,5, WHOLE NUMBERS : 01,2,3,4,5, INTEGERS : , -3,-2,-1,0, 1, 2, 3, EVEN NUMBERS : 2,4,6,8,10, ODD NUMBERS : 1,3,5,7,9, PRIME NUMBERS : 2,3,5,7,

SQUARE NUMBERS : 1, 4, 9, 16 , 25,

FRACTION NUMBERS : , 2/5, 1/3,

REAL NUMBERS

RATIONAL

IRRATIONAL

INTEGERS

FRACTIONS

NEGATIVE NUMBERS

ZERO

NATURAL NUMBERS EVEN ODD

MATHEMATICAL SYMBOLS
+ (PLUS)/POSITIVE - (MINUS)/NEGATIVE X (MULTIPLY) : (DIVIDE) = (EQUAL TO) < (LESS THAN)

> (GREATER THAN)

FACTORS
A factors of a number is a number that will divide exactly into it.

The factors of 12 are: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 12. That is, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 12 will divide exactly into 12.

Prime factors of 12 are: 2 and 3.

MULTIPLES
A multiple of a number is the product of that number and an integer. Multiple of 3 are 3, 6, 9, 12, how do you find them ?

LCM (Lowest Common Multiple) The LCM of two or more numbers is the smallest number that is a multiple of each of them. So, 12 is the LCM of 3 and 4.

PATTERNS AND SEQUENCES

Look at the following patterns of numbers. 1,2,3,4,5, 5,10,15,20,25, What are the next three numbers in each pattern?

6,7,8 are the next three numbers in the first pattern and 30, 35, 40 are the next three numbers in the second pattern.

SETS
A set is a well-defined collection of objects that usually have some connection with each other. Sets can be described in words. Example: A = {Indian, Atllantic, Pacific, Arctic, Antartic} B = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9} Objects that belong to a set are called elements and are indicated by the symbol . means is an element of. In the examples above, we can

say atlantic A or 2 B.

POWERS AND ROOTS

When a number is multiplied by itself one or more times, the answer is a power of the first number. The number you started with is called a root of the power. For example: 5 x 5 = 52 = 25 SQUARE NUMBERS AND ROOTS If a natural number is multiplied by itself, you get a square number. For example: 3 x 3 = 32 = 9. so, 9 is a square number. 3 is said to be the square root of 9

DIRECTED NUMBERS
When you are working with directed numbers, it is helpful to represent them on a number line. Your number line can be either horizontal or vertical. 4 3 2 0 -1 -3 -4 -5

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

FRACTIONS
You learnt earlier that fractions are rational numbers that represent parts of a whole. Common or vulgar fractions are written with a numerator and denominator. Tha line dividing the two parts of the fraction means divide. Example: 2 = 4 = 6 (the same fraction)
1 2 3

O P E R AT I O N S O N F R AC T I O N
ADDING OR SUBSTRACTING FRACTIONS When adding or substracting fractions, the denominators have to be the same. To make denominators the same, you find the LCM of the denominators. Then you add or substract the numerators and write the answer over the common denominator. Example: 7 + 7 = 7
3 2 5 1 2

+ 5 = 10 + 10 = 10

 MULTIPLYING FRACTIONS When multiplying fractions, first multiply the numerators. Then multiply the denominators. Write the product of the numerators above the product of the denominators. Example: 4 x 3 = 4 x 1 = 4
1 1 3 3

 DIVIDING FRACTIONS In order to divide fractions, you need to understand the concept of the reciprocal. The reciprocal or multiplicative inverse of 3 is
1 3

because 3 x 3 = 1 x 3 = 1
to divide a fraction by another fraction, you multiply the first

fraction by reciprocal of the second fraction. Example: : = x = = 2

1 1 2 4 1 2 4 1 4 2

THANK YOU