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Substances across the plasma membrane

THE PERMEABILITY OF THE PLASMA MEMBRANE

The plasma membrane is partially-permeable. Allows only certain


substances to move through which are based on: - The polarity of the substances

- The size of the molecule

The phospholipid bilayer allows the movement of


- Lipid-soluble molecules

- non-polar molecules (oxygen & carbon dioxide)

The movement of polar substances like water is restricted due to


the presence of hydrophobic tails

However, water can still pass through the membrane as the size is
small which allows it to slide between the phospholipid bilayers or move through the pore proteins.

THE PERMEABILITY OF THE PLASMA MEMBRANE

Pore protein also allow small water-soluble molecules and ions to


pass through the membrane.

Large water-soluble molecules pass through the plasma membrane


with the aid of carrier proteins.

The carrier proteins have active sites that can bind to specific
molecules.

After being attached to the site of the carrier protein, the molecules
will then be transported across the plasma membrane.

THE MOVEMENT OF SUBSTANCES ACROSS THE PLASMA MEMBRANE

TYPES OF TRANSPORT

PASSIVE TRANSPORT

The movement of substances from an area of higher


concentration to an area of lower concentration without need of energy.

It includes : Simple diffusion Osmosis Facilitated diffusion

PASSIVE TRANSPORT SIMPLE DIFFUSION

The NET MOVEMENT OF MOLECULES/IONS FROM A REGION


OF HIGHER CONCENTRATION TO A REGION OF LOWER CONCENTRATION UNTIL AN EQUILIBRIUM IS ACHIEVED.

A physical process The movement of small substances like oxygen, carbon dioxide
and lipid-soluble molecules.

The movement is from a region of higher concentration to a region


of lower concentration ( going down the concentration gradient).

The process results in the distribution of particles equally


throughout he system which is so called a dynamic equilibrium.

PASSIVE TRANSPORT SIMPLE DIFFUSION

PASSIVE TRANSPORT SIMPLE DIFFUSION

PASSIVE TRANSPORT OSMOSIS

Similar to diffusion but it involves THE MOVEMENT OF WATER


MOLECULES.

It is the net movement of water molecules from a region of low solute concentration ( high water concentration) to a region of high solute concentration ( low water concentration) through a semi-permeable membrane.
High water concentration has low concentration of solute in the water, whereas low water concentration has high concentration of solute in the water.

PASSIVE TRANSPORT OSMOSIS

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