Measure the thermal conductivity

Measure the thermal conductivity of silicon off-set

with the stable state law
School of Electronics & Applied Physics,
Hefei University of Technology
Primary Content
The necessity of measure the thermal conductivity
The brief conduction of common measuring method
The principles and guiding idea of measuring the
thermal conductivity of silica gel with stable state
law
Data form and data processing




is one of important parameters that can reflect the heat
conduction performance of material .Both estimate the heat
characteristic of material and the design application on the
material need to know the size of .

Measuring and the daily life are inseparable
The knitting underwear that can maintain warmth, the thermos,
the refrigerator, the radiator, the heater, the smelting furnace,
the heat insulation pipeline and the development of thick oil in
oil field must consider their heat conduction degree.

Therefore it is necessary to research and measure thermal
conductivity
The application of thermal conductivity
Stable state law
Forms a stable temperature distribution through the
heat source in the sample interior, measure its
temperature with the thermo-element, then extract
the material thermal conductivity.
Dynamic method
In the testing sample the temperature distribution
along with the time assumes the periodic variation
and the testing time is very short .






The
synopsis of
commonly
measuring
method
The heat conduction law result:
dt ds
dX
dT
dQ
x
=
0
) (
ds
dX
dT
dt
dQ
x
=
0
) (
only
demand
dt
dQ
0
) (
X
dX
dT
ds
we can aquire
0
x
ds
Experimental principles

Must solve two actual problems

How to create a gradient of temperature in the material and
measure its value
How to measure the speed of transfering heat from the high
temperature area to the low temperature area in the material
The dynamic change of temperature and thermal are not easy to
obtain,so we design the system to achieve the stable state and
begin to measure under the stable state.
Stable state description
A
B
C
1
T
2
T
Under stable state

=
2 1
2
2
1
2 2
2
T T
h
R R h
R h
dt
dT
mc
B
B c c
c c
T T

- -
+
+
-
=
t

2
2
T
T
dq dT
PlateC mc
dt dt
=
A
B
C
1
T
2
T
0
1 2
( )
x
B
T T dT
PlateB
dX h

=
1
2
T
T
dQ dq
dt dt
=
Side +
bottom
surface
2
2
2
2 2
c c c
c c c
R R h dT
mc
dt R R h
t t
t t
+
-
+
=
dt
dq
sidebottom surface
ds
dX
dT
dt
dQ
x
=
0
) (
In the experiment measure the temperature in stable state and
the free cooling temperature with the thermo-element
thermoelectromotive force
) (
0
t t E =o
t > t
0
The temperature
difference is not too big
To solve the
problem of
measuring
temperatur
e is not
precise
enough
Copper
Constantan
Experimental equipment
Electric
stove
Dewar's
flask (thermo
couple)
copper
plateA
rubber
plateB
Copper
plateC
switch
for
heating
power
source
gating
switch replacemen
t
timer
gib screw
Data form
1.Calculate the mean value of D
B
,h
B
,D
c
,h
C
by form1.
order 1 2 3 4 5 Mean
value
e(cm)

h
B
(cm)
Form 1
NoteMeasure the thickness and diameter of rubber plate B
with vernier caliper several times ,then calculate the mean value of
R
B
and h
b

2.Calculate the value of E
10
and

E
20
in the stable state by the data in Form2.


E
1
(mv)
E
2
(mv)
Form 2
NoteRead the value of E1 and E2 every two minutes .When the value of sensor and
is no longer rises in ten minutesit means having reached the stable statethen begin to
record the value of E
10
and

E
20.

3.Calculate the rate of cooling by method of difference with the
data in Form 3.
20 2
E E
dt
dE
=
t(s)
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210
E
2
(mv)
Form 3
NoteHeating copper tray C, when the temperature is 0.4mV higher than the value of
E20 ,let it cooling natural ly again, record the value of E2 every 30 seconds. The value of
each four groups can be used in the method of difference computationonly when it isin the
four groups around E20.

Final measuring formula
=
20 2
20 10
2
1
2 2
2
E E
B
B C C
C C
dt
dE
E E
h
R R h
R h
mc
=
-

- -
+
+
t

In the formula, R
B
is radius of the sample , h
B
is the
height of the sample, m is the mass of the copper
plate, c (0.385KJ/kg.k) is the specific heat capacity of
copper, Rc and hc are the radius and thickness of the
copper plate,they can be read directly.E1 and E2 are
respectively the stable state voltage (temperature)of
the plateB and plateC.
Matters for attention in the experiment
1The reading of digital voltmeter is changing.It indicates that
the cold end and hot of the thermo-element must be stained in the
silicon fat and be inserted to the bottom.
2When we move the copper tray and the sample after heating,we
must use the glove to prevent scald .
3Must make the sample and copper plate contact precisely.
1 Calculates the radiation speed of plateC by the
method of difference.
2 Measure the size of error with the relative
uncertainty.

The revelation by the experiment
What is the design idea of the experiment
Why do we choose the value nearby stable state
temperature T2 when we measure the rate of cooling
What is the important source of experimental error

The request of processing the experiment report
100

=
0
0

A
1 1
0
183 . 0

= k m w