FUEL INJECTOR

What is fuel injector

FUEL INJECTOR
Fuel Injectors are known as:
Nozzle Atomizer Fuel valve

FUNCTION OF FUEL INJECTOR

To inject the fuel in the cylinder in properly atomized form and in proper quantity.

TYPE OF FUEL INJECTORS

There are three main types of Fuel injectors:
Blast Injectors Mechanically operated injectors Automatic injectors

Automatic Injector
Automobile engines are universally fitted with automatic injectors

CLASSIFICATION OF INJECTOR
Injectors used may be classified as:
Hole type
Pintle type

HOLE TYPE INJECTOR

Hole type injectors are generally used in engines with open type combustion chambers.
DI Engines

HOLE TYPE INJECTOR

Hole type injectors may be classified as :
Single Hole Injector
Multi Hole Injector

SINGLE HOLE INJECTOR

These injectors are used in open combustion Size of the hole is usually larger than 0.2mm The hole may be drilled centrally or at an angle to centre line of the injector

DISADVANTAGE OF SINGLE HOLE INJECTOR

Very high injection pressure is required It has tendency to dribble
Spray angle is very narrow. This does not facilitate good mixing unless higher air velocities are provided

MULTI - HOLE INJECTOR

These injectors are used to mix the fuel properly even with the slow air movement available with many open combustion The number of holes varies from 4 to 18 Size of the hole varies from 1.5mm to 0.35mm

PINTLE TYPE INJECTOR

Pintle type injectors are used in engines with pre combustion chambers
PC Engines

PINTLE TYPE INJECTOR

In order to avoid the weak injection & dribbling the spindle is provided with a projection, called PINTLE. It may be either cylindrical or conical in shape
Pintle injector results in good atomization. Therefore, it is use with pre combustion

Injector Cross Section

INJECTOR SPRAY PATTERN

Normal Faulty angle Faulty Direction

INJECTOR - LUBRICATION

Fuel itself acts as a lubricant for injector valve, guide & spindle.

INJECTOR DRIBBLING
In correct valve opening pressure
Component wear Injector tip failure

Injector adaptor cracked

INJECTOR & ENGINE PERFORMANCE

Injector dribbling :
Excess Exhaust Smoke

High Coolant Temp Engine over heat

Fuel in Engine oil Loss of power

INJECTOR & ENGINE PERFORMANCE

Defective fuel injector :
Exhaust White color smoke Injector adaptor crack Exhaust Black color smoke Excessive fuel consumption

Hard starting / Engine does not start

Low engine horse power / Loss of horse power Engine oil dilution

Engine coolant temperature high

Engine misfire Mechanical knocks / Unusual sound

INJECTOR CLEANING & TEST - EQUIPMENT

FUEL INJECTORS IMPROVEMENT

HEUI Hydraulic Electronic Unit Injector EUI Electronic Unit Injector