DOL: Daily Oral Language

DOA: Daily Oral Analogy

DOL
 Proofreading Symbols

Use your Editing Marks worksheet to

help you when you make corrections
Tips for DOL

 Nouns such as mother, father, mom,

dad, grandfather, grandmother, aunt,
and uncle are capitalized when they
are used as names.
 If you can substitute a name for the
noun, then it should be capitalized.

Example:
Yesterday Mother went to the store.
Yesterday Thomas went to the store.
 If you cannot substitute a name, then
do not capitalize the noun.

I believe that his dad is at home.

I believe that his Thomas is at home.
To Comma or not to Comma???

 Appositives-a word or phrase placed

immediately after a noun or pronoun
to identify it or to explain it further.
Nonrestrictive appositives
 A nonrestrictive appositive is one that
does not restrict or limit what it
modifies. Its information is interesting
but not essential. USE COMMAS to set
off the appositive.
 Example: Frank Lloyd Wright, a famous
architect, built a home in Wisconsin.
Restrictive appositives
 A restrictive appositive is one that
restricts or limits a noun. It is
necessary to the meaning of the
sentence. Do not use commas to set
off appositive.
 Example: Her cousin Betty is tall.
 (without the appositive Betty, we do
not know which cousin is being
named.)
 Quotations
 Periods and commas used at the
ends of quotations are always placed
inside the quotation marks.

 Question marks and exclamation

marks are placed inside quotation
marks if they belong to the quote.
Quotations examples
 Mr. Jones said, “Please turn in your
papers.”

 “I had a busy day,” answered Jason.

 “Will you call me soon?” asked Anne.

 “That ball is mine!” Sam yelled.

Morning and night
 A.M. and P.M. should be uppercase rather
than lowercase.

 Compass directions are also capitalized

when they refer to specific sections of the
country.
(Example: the Northwest, the East)

 Directions are not capitalized. (Example:

heading north, west of the school)
Titles
 enclosed in quotation marks:
 short works such as…
Short stories
Essays
Poems songs
Episodes of television series
Articles
Titles
 Underline
Books (including novels)
Newspaper
Long poems
Plays
Government publications
Magazine
Journals
Movies
DOL
 You will correct all mistakes
(punctuation, grammar, spelling,
etc.) in sentences.
 Remember to proofread your
corrections to ensure that you have
found all the errors.
 Use editing marks to correct errors in
mechanics.
DOA
 Analogy
An analogy is an expression of
relationship. It is a proportional
statement in which the relationship
between two things is likened to the
relationship between two other.
Tips for DOA

 The key is to determine the

relationship of the first pair of words
and then find a second pair of words
that has the same relationship.
For example:

in: out:: hot:_____

(“in” is to “out” as “hot” is to “___”?)

Since “out” is the opposite of “in” the answer
is “cold,” which is the opposite of “hot.”
Analogy example
 For example:
Shoe: foot:: ______: head

Shoe is to foot as ____ is to head.

Shoe is to foot as hat is to head.

Common Types
 Antonyms  Degree
 Synonyms  Object-Description
 Object-Action  Grammar
 Part-Whole  Place
 Use  Object-Class
 Cause-Effect  Member-Group
 Numerical  Object-User
Relationship  Sequence
DOA

 Make sure you use a dictionary to

look up words that you do not know!