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Islamic And Western World Contributions In Field Of Psychology
Roots Of Psychology Schools Of Psychology Approaches Of Psychology Western Famous Contributors Islamic World Famous Contributors
Roots of psychology
Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. Components:
Behavior Anything that you do that can be observed. Mental Processes Internal experiences such as: thoughts, feelings, sensations, and perceptions. Systematic Study: Systematic collection and examination of data (empirical evidence) to support or disprove hypotheses (predictions) rather than depending on common sense.
Greek philosopher that believed that who we are and what we know are innate (inborn). What we know are acquired from experience. Mind body relationship Body-mind duality
Rene Descartes
The French philosopher / mathematician Invented the Cartesian system of coordinates (the coordinate geometry) Believed in the body-mind duality. But he was open enough to consider that there is an uninterrupted transaction between the body and the mind.
John Locke
1. 2. 3.
School of Structuralism
First school of psychology Focused on breaking down mental processes into the most basic components Wilhelm Wundt helped found the school of structuralism which aimed to focus on the structure of the mind and identify the basic elements of consciousness.
School of Functionalism
Instead of focusing on the mental processes themselves, functionalist thinkers were instead interested in the role that these processes play.
Gestalt psychology
Formed as a reaction to the over emphasis of reductionist methods in psychology Against blind reliance on analysis and reductionism The gestalt psychologists believed that you must look at the whole of experience as each person has a completely different experience when viewing the world
Behavioral Approach
Psychoanalytic approach Psychodynamic Approach Humanistic Approach Biological Approach Cognitive Approach Evolutionary Approach
Socio-cultural Approach
Eclectic approach
Qur'an and the Arabic classics Neurosciences Psychophysiology and psychosomatic medicine Studied senses
AL-KINDI (803-873)
AL-FARABI (870-950)
Causes of dreams Worked on Social Psychology
He stated that "an isolated individual could not achieve all the perfections by himself, without the aid of other individuals."
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He stated : "The self has an inherent yearning for an ideal, which it strives to realize and it is able with qualities to help realize it."
Continued
He further wrote that impulse resides in the muscles, nerves, and tissues, and moves the organs to fulfill the partialities. Partialities may include hunger, thirst, and sexual craving, rage, indignation and revenge.
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Ashraf Ali Thanvi divided his therapies into two kinds:
1. Reading therapy
2. Communication therapy