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Bruce Logue and Robert Chou The University of Texas at Austin Department of Chemical Engineering
Fall 2006
Overview
How Solar Energy Works Types of Photovoltaic Systems Flat-plate and Concentrator Current Applications Solar Economics Price Trends Costs The Energy Payback Time Advances in Technology Thin-film PV roofing panels Nanomaterials
The PV cell layered with positive and negative charged semiconductor material
Photovoltaic Systems
4
Concentrator Systems
Moves relative to the sun Requires less PV cell material
Current Applications
7 8 9
10
11
12
14
13
Manufacturing Methods
There are three methods to produce PV cells
Process cells on wafers sawed from silicon ingots
Ingots are either single or multicrystalline
Process cells on silicon wafers cut from multicrystalline ribbons Deposition of non-crystalline silicon on inexpensive substrates Singlecrystal silicon Non-ribbon
multicrystalline
Ribbon
Multicrystalline silicon
silicon
EPBT (Years)
15
2.7
2.2
1.7
1.0
Technological Advances
Thin-Film Technology
PV cells are continually processed on a sheet consisting of much less material than the typical PV cells.
16
Technological Advances
Solar Roof Panels
Shingles are combined with PV cells creating insulation that generates electricity
18
Nanomaterials
Solar cells incorporating nanomaterials are stronger, more flexible, and more efficient.
19
References
Fast Solar Energy Facts. 14 Nov. 2006 <http://www.solarbuzz.com/ FastFactsIndustry.htm>. Harlin, Kevin. "Building new power panels." The Times Union. LexisNexis Academic. LexisNexis. 20 Nov. 2006 <http://web.lexis-nexis.com/ universe>. Konarka, Textronic to Develop Solar Thin-fil PV Fabric. (2005, September 29). Renewable Energy Access. Retrieved November 19, 2006, from http://www.renewableenergyaccess.com/rea/news/productstory?id=37 "Nanomaterials and Cost-effective Manufacturing Technologies Hold Key to Development of Photovoltaic Technologies." PR Newswire US. LexisNexis Academic. LexisNexis. 20 Nov. 2006 <http://web.lexis-nexis.com/ universe>. PV Markets. 20 Nov. 2006 <http://www.ece.umr.edu/power/Energy_Course/energy/ Renewables/pv/French_site/pvmark.html>. Recent Advancements in Solar Panel Technology by Shell Solar. 20 Nov. 2006 <http://www.solarexpert.com/PVadvancements.html>. Residential Solar Power Costs & Savings. 15 Nov. 2006 <http://www.borregosolar.com/home/solar-power-costs-savings.php>. Solar Energy Technologies Program. (2006,April 13). Retrieved November 10, 2006, from U.S. Department of Energy Web site: http://www1.eere.energy.gov/solar/photovoltaics.html
Images
Images Courtesy of
1 www.google.com 2 www.faqs.com 3 - http://www1.eere.energy.gov/solar/ 4 - http://www1.eere.energy.gov/solar/ 5 - http://www1.eere.energy.gov/solar/ 6 - http://www1.eere.energy.gov/solar/ 7 - http://www.solarserver.de/solarmagazin/anlage-e.html 8 www.windturbine-1.com 9 www.treehugger.com 10 - http://www.jaxa.jp/missions/projects/sat/astronomy/solar_b/index_e.html 11 www.palacefarm.com 12 - http://howto.altenergystore.com 13 - http://www.che.utexas.edu/course/che379&384/Topic8_3.pp 14 - http://www.ece.umr.edu/power/ Energy_Course/energy/Renewables/pv/French_site/overview.html 15 - http://www1.eere.energy.gov/solar/ 16 - http://www.renewableenergyaccess.com/rea/news/productstory?id=37 17- http://www.solarexpert.com/PVadvancements.htm 18- http://www.solar-components.com/pvshingl.htm 19- http://newsroom.spie.org/x4436.xml