ME 307: Machine Design I

Dr. A. Aziz Bazoune King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals

Mechanical Engineering Department

Dr. A. Aziz Bazoune

Chapter 9: Welding, Bonding, and the Design of Permanent Joints

CH-9 LEC 41 Slide 1

ME 307: Machine Design I

Dr. A. Aziz Bazoune

Chapter 9: Welding, Bonding, and the Design of Permanent Joints

CH-9 LEC 41 Slide 2

ME 307: Machine Design I

Dr. A. Aziz Bazoune

Chapter 9: Welding, Bonding, and the Design of Permanent Joints

CH-9 LEC 41 Slide 3

9-4 Stresses in Welded Joints in Bending

Fig. 9-17a shows a cantilever welded to a support by fillet welds at top and bottom. A FBD diagram of the beam would show a shear force V and a moment diagram M. The shear force produces a primary shear in the welds of magnitude

ME 307: Machine Design I

The moment M introduces a throat shear stress component of 0.707 in the welds. Treating the two welds of Fig. 9-17b as lines we find the second moment of area to be

'

V A

(a)

bd 2 Iu 2

(b)
CH-9 LEC 41 Slide 4

Dr. A. Aziz Bazoune

Chapter 9: Welding, Bonding, and the Design of Permanent Joints

9-4 Stresses in Welded Joints in Bending

The second moment of area I, based on weld throat area, is

bd 2 I 0.707 h I u 0.707 h 2
ME 307: Machine Design I The nominal throat shear stress is now found to be

(c)

M d 2 Mc 1.414 M 2 I bd h 0.707 h bd 2

(d)

The model gives the coefficient of 1.414, in contrast to the predictions of Sec.9-2 of 1.197 from distortion energy, or 1.207 from maximum shear. The second moment of area in Eq. (d) is based on the distance between the two welds.

Dr. A. Aziz Bazoune

Chapter 9: Welding, Bonding, and the Design of Permanent Joints

CH-9 LEC 41 Slide 5

ME 307: Machine Design I

Dr. A. Aziz Bazoune

Chapter 9: Welding, Bonding, and the Design of Permanent Joints

CH-9 LEC 41 Slide 6

9-5 The Strength of Welded Joints

The matching of the electrode properties with those of parent metal is usually not so important as speed, operator appeal, and the appearance of the completed joint. ME 307: Machine Design I The properties of electrodes vary considerably, but Table 9-3 lists the minimum properties for some electrode classes.

Dr. A. Aziz Bazoune

Chapter 9: Welding, Bonding, and the Design of Permanent Joints

CH-9 LEC 41 Slide 7

It is preferable, in designing welded components, to select a steel that ill result in a fast, economical weld. Best results are obtained for steels having a UNS specifications between G10140 and G10230. All these steels have a tensile strength in the hot-rolled condition in the range of 60 to 70 kpsi.

ME 307: Machine Design I

Permissible stresses are now based on the yield strength of the material instead of the ultimate strength, and the code permits the use of a variety of ASTM structural steels having yield strengths varying from 33 to 50 kpsi. For these ASTM steels, Sy = 0.5 Su.
Table 9-4 lists the formulas specified by the code for calculating these permissible stresses for various load conditions.
Dr. A. Aziz Bazoune Chapter 9: Welding, Bonding, and the Design of Permanent Joints
CH-9 LEC 41 Slide 8

ME 307: Machine Design I

Dr. A. Aziz Bazoune

Chapter 9: Welding, Bonding, and the Design of Permanent Joints

CH-9 LEC 41 Slide 9

The fatigue stress concentration factors listed in Table 9-5 are suggested for use. These factors should be used for
ME 307: Machine Design I

the parent metal as well as for the weld metal.

Dr. A. Aziz Bazoune

Chapter 9: Welding, Bonding, and the Design of Permanent Joints CH-9 LEC 41 Slide 10

Table 9-6 gives steady-load information and minimum fillet sizes.

ME 307: Machine Design I

Dr. A. Aziz Bazoune

Chapter 9: Welding, Bonding, and the Design of Permanent Joints CH-9 LEC 41 Slide 11

9-6 Static Loading

Example 9-2 (Textbook)

Table A-20, Sy = 27.5 kpsi

ME 307: Machine Design I

h =3/8=0.375 in t = 1/2 in l = 2 in

Dr. A. Aziz Bazoune

Chapter 9: Welding, Bonding, and the Design of Permanent Joints CH-9 LEC 41 Slide 12

Example 9-2 (Cont.d)

ME 307: Machine Design I

h =3/8=0.375 in t = 1/2 in l = 2 in

Dr. A. Aziz Bazoune

Chapter 9: Welding, Bonding, and the Design of Permanent Joints CH-9 LEC 41 Slide 13

Example 9-4 (Textbook)

Table A-20, Sy = 32 kpsi, Sut= 58 kpsi

ME 307: Machine Design I

Table 9-3, Sy = 50 kpsi, Sut= 62 kpsi

Table 9-2, pattern 2, b=3/8 = 0.375 in and d= 2in

Dr. A. Aziz Bazoune

Chapter 9: Welding, Bonding, and the Design of Permanent Joints CH-9 LEC 41 Slide 14

ME 307: Machine Design I

E6010 electrode Table 9-3, Sy = 50 kpsi,

Eq. 6-21 Ssy= 0.577 Sy

Dr. A. Aziz Bazoune Chapter 9: Welding, Bonding, and the Design of Permanent Joints CH-9 LEC 41 Slide 15

ME 307: Machine Design I

Given n=3

Dr. A. Aziz Bazoune

Chapter 9: Welding, Bonding, and the Design of Permanent Joints CH-9 LEC 41 Slide 16

9-7 Fatigue Loading

The conventional methods will be provided here.
ME 307: Machine Design I

In fatigue, the Gerber criterion is best; however, you will find that the Goodman criterion is in common use.
Recall, that the fatigue stress concentration factors are given in Table 9-5. For Welding codes, see the fatigue stress allowables in the AISI manual.

Dr. A. Aziz Bazoune

Chapter 9: Welding, Bonding, and the Design of Permanent Joints CH-9 LEC 41 Slide 17

Example 9-5 (Textbook)

ME 307: Machine Design I

Table A-20, Sy = 32 kpsi, Sut= 58 kpsi Table 9-5, Kfs=2.7 Table 9-3, Sy = 62 kpsi, Sut= 50 kpsi

Dr. A. Aziz Bazoune

Chapter 9: Welding, Bonding, and the Design of Permanent Joints CH-9 LEC 41 Slide 18

(7-4)
A = 2 x 0.707 x h x l (7-25) ME 307: Machine Design I (7-8) (7-17)

h = 3/8=0.375 in l = 2 in

Dr. A. Aziz Bazoune

Chapter 9: Welding, Bonding, and the Design of Permanent Joints CH-9 LEC 41 Slide 19

Example 9-6 (Textbook)

ME 307: Machine Design I

Dr. A. Aziz Bazoune

Chapter 9: Welding, Bonding, and the Design of Permanent Joints CH-9 LEC 41 Slide 20

(7-4)

(7-25)

(7-8)

(7-17)

ME 307: Machine Design I

(7-56)
(7-10)

Dr. A. Aziz Bazoune

Chapter 9: Welding, Bonding, and the Design of Permanent Joints CH-9 LEC 41 Slide 21

ME 307: Machine Design I

Dr. A. Aziz Bazoune

Chapter 9: Welding, Bonding, and the Design of Permanent Joints CH-9 LEC 41 Slide 22

ME 307: Machine Design I

Dr. A. Aziz Bazoune

Chapter 9: Welding, Bonding, and the Design of Permanent Joints CH-9 LEC 41 Slide 23