GSM Antenna Systems Introduction

GSM Antenna Systems Introduction

Objectives
Understand Antenna Radiation Patterns. Understand Concept of Antenna Tilt. Understand Required Tilts Understand Antenna Height - Cell radius Antenna Down tilt

Agenda
GSM Antenna System Antenna theory and parameter Antenna types Antenna tilt Shadowing v Antenna Height Antenna Height - Cell radius Antenna Down tilt Introduce To Caculator

Antenna System

Product Description

Three-dimensional radiation pattern of a directional antenna

Horizontal pattern

Panel Antenna 1
Horizontal cut : horizontal pattern (magn. field)

Vertical pattern

Panel Antenna 2

Vertical cut :

vertical pattern(electr. field)

Polarization
The polarization is defined as the direction of oscillation of the electrical field vector dipole orientation vertical : vertical polarization mainly used for mobile communication dipole orientation horizontal : horizontal polarization mainly used for broadcasting dipole orientation +/-45 slanted : cross polarization used for polarization diversity with digital cellular networks

Anten Ommi

Anten Sector

Typical Applications

Antenna Tilt

Mechanical Downtilt

Electrical Downtilt
Advantages
Same tilt for both main and side lobes Antenna mounting is more simple no adjustment errors

Drawbacks
Introduction of additional antenna types necessary New antenna installation at the site if downtilting is introduced Long antenna optimization phase Adjustment of electrical tilt mostly not possible

Combined Downtilt

Assessment of Required Tilts (1)

Assessment of Required Tilts (2)

Assessment of Required Tilts (3)

40 down tilt 70 vertical HPBW

Cell border

Antenna mounting

Shadowing v Antenna height / Shadowing

Shadowing occurs when the rooftop of a building (or similar obstacle) becomes an obstruction to the signal being radiated from the antenna. Below is an example of shadowing

Shadowing v Antenna height / Minimum clearance height

In order to avoid shadowing the CP needs to calculate the minimum antenna height clearance. Below is a diagram and calculations for determining minimum height clearance

hclearance = d tan(clearance ) clearance = HPBW + Elec.Tilt + Mech.Tilt + Vert.BW

Shadowing v Antenna height / Example 1 Antenna type = 739634 Vertical Beamwidth = 9.0 Distance d=10m, etilt = 6, m tilt = n/a, -3dB = 4.5

Shadowing v Antenna height / Example 2 (No mechanical tilt only electrical) Clearance = 4.5 + 6 + 9.0 = 19.5 (Half-power Beam width + Electrical tilt + Vertical Beam width) h Clearance = 10*tan (19.5) Minimum Height Clearance = 3.54m

Down Tilt Calculator

Antenna Height - Cell radius Antenna Down tilt reference 1

Downtilt = arctan (h / Dmax) + (Vertical Beamwidth/2)

Antenna Height - Cell radius Antenna Down tilt reference 2

THANK YOU!