SDH Alarms

LOS

INTERRUPTION, HW TROUBLE, ATTENUATION

LOS

AU/TU-AIS

NE
MS-RDI

LINE

LINE

NE

TRIB

K2=XXXXX110 PDH-AIS

PDH

XXX XXX
AIS

= DETECTED = GENERATED

XXX XXX

= SENT BACK = MONITORED

= SIGNAL PASSED THROUGH

LOF
PROBLEM ON FRAME ALIGNMENT WORD

A1,A2

LOF

AU/TU-AIS

NE
MS-RDI

LINE

LINE

NE

TRIB

K2=XXXXX110 PDH-AIS

XXX XXX
AIS

= DETECTED = GENERATED

XXX XXX

= SENT BACK = MONITORED

PDH

= SIGNAL PASSED THROUGH

RS-TIM
RECEIVED REGENERATOR SECTION TRACE IDENTIFIER MISMATCH

JO

RS-TIM

AU/TU-AIS

NE
MS-RDI

LINE

LINE

NE

TRIB

K2=XXXXX110 PDH-AIS

XXX XXX
AIS

= DETECTED = GENERATED

XXX XXX

= SENT BACK = MONITORED

PDH

= SIGNAL PASSED THROUGH

RS-BIP
ERRORED SIGNAL

B1

NEAR END PERFORMANCE COLLECTION

RS-BIP

NE

LINE

LINE

NE

TRIB

XXX XXX
AIS

= DETECTED = GENERATED

XXX XXX

= SENT BACK = MONITORED

PDH

= SIGNAL PASSED THROUGH

MS-AIS
TROUBLE ON THE RECEIVED SIGNAL (LOS, LOF, RS-TIM)

K2=XXXXX111

MS-AIS

MS-AIS

AU/TU-AIS

LINE

LINE

NE

MS-RDI

TRIB

K2=XXXXX110 PDH-AIS

PDH
XXX XXX
AIS

= DETECTED = GENERATED

XXX XXX

= SENT BACK = MONITORED

= SIGNAL PASSED THROUGH

MS-EXC
NEAR END
EXCESSIVE BIT ERROR RATE (e1X10 E -3)

B2

PERFORMANCE COLLECTION

MS-EXC

AU/TU-AIS

NE
MS-RDI

LINE

LINE

NE

TRIB

K2=XXXXX110 PDH-AIS

XXX XXX
AIS

= DETECTED = GENERATED

XXX XXX

= SENT BACK = MONITORED

PDH

= SIGNAL PASSED THROUGH

MS-BIP
ERRORED SIGNAL

B2

NEAR END PERFORMANCE COLLECTION

MS-BIP

NE
MS-REI

LINE

LINE

NE

TRIB

M1

XXX XXX
AIS

= DETECTED = GENERATED

XXX XXX

= SENT BACK = MONITORED

PDH

= SIGNAL PASSED THROUGH

MS-RDI
K2=XXXXX110
TROUBLE ON THE RX SIDE (LOS, LOF. RS-TIM, MS-AIS, MS-EXC,

MS-RDI

MS-RDI

NE

LINE

LINE

NE

TRIB

PDH
XXX XXX
AIS

= DETECTED = GENERATED

XXX XXX

= SENT BACK = MONITORED

= SIGNAL PASSED THROUGH

MS-REI
M1
FAR END PERFORMANCE COLLECTION

MS-REI

MS-REI

NE

LINE

LINE

NE

TRIB

ERRORED SIGNAL

XXX XXX
AIS

= DETECTED = GENERATED

XXX XXX

= SENT BACK = MONITORED

PDH

= SIGNAL PASSED THROUGH

MS-DEG
NEAR END
(1X10 E -5 e1X10 E -9) DEGRADATION

B2

PERFORMANCE COLLECTION

MS-DEG

NE
MS-REI

LINE

LINE

NE

TRIB

M1

XXX XXX
AIS

= DETECTED = GENERATED

XXX XXX

= SENT BACK = MONITORED

PDH

= SIGNAL PASSED THROUGH

AU-AIS
TROUBLE ON THE RX SIDE (LOS, LOF, RS-TIM, MS-AIS, MS-EXC,

AU-4 XC
AU-AIS

AU/TU-AIS

AU-AIS
AIS

NE
HP-RDI

LINE

LINE

NE

TRIB

G1 =XXXX100X PDH-AIS
= DETECTED = GENERATED
AIS

XXX XXX

XXX XXX

= SENT BACK = MONITORED

PDH

= SIGNAL PASSED THROUGH

AU-LOP
TROUBLE ON THE AU POINTER VALUE (WRONG SETTING SDH/SONET, DEG, HW FAILURE)

H1,H2

AU-LOP

AU/TU-AIS

NE
HP-RDI

LINE

LINE

NE

TRIB

G1 =XXXX100X PDH-AIS
= DETECTED = GENERATED
AIS

XXX XXX

XXX XXX

= SENT BACK = MONITORED

PDH

= SIGNAL PASSED THROUGH

HP-UNEQ
AU-4 CHANNEL NOT CONNETTED
C2 = 00000000

HP-UNEQ

NE

LINE

LINE

NE

TRIB

XXX XXX
AIS

= DETECTED = GENERATED

XXX XXX

= SENT BACK = MONITORED

PDH

= SIGNAL PASSED THROUGH

HP-TIM
RECEIVED HIGHER PATH TRACE IDENTIFIER MISMATCH

J1

HP-TIM

NE
HP-RDI

LINE

LINE

NE

TRIB

HP-TIM

G1 =XXXX100X PDH-AIS
= DETECTED = GENERATED
AIS

XXX XXX

XXX XXX

= SENT BACK = MONITORED

PDH 140M

= SIGNAL PASSED THROUGH

HP-BIP
ERRORED SIGNAL

NEAR END

B3

PERFORMANCE COLLECTION

HP-BIP

NE
HP-REI

LINE

LINE

NE

TRIB

HP-BIP

G1 (1,2,3,4)

XXX XXX
AIS

= DETECTED = GENERATED

XXX XXX

= SENT BACK = MONITORED

PDH 140M

= SIGNAL PASSED THROUGH

HP-RDI
G1 =XXXX100X
TROUBLE ON THE RECEIVED HP (AU-AIS, AU-LOP, HP-TIM, HP-PLM, HP-EXC)

HP-RDI

HP-RDI

NE

LINE

LINE

NE

TRIB

HP-RDI

XXX XXX
AIS

= DETECTED = GENERATED

XXX XXX

= SENT BACK = MONITORED

PDH 140M

= SIGNAL PASSED THROUGH

HP-REI
FAR END G1 (1, 2, 3, 4) PERFORMANCE COLLECTION

HP-REI

HP-REI

NE

LINE

LINE

NE

TRIB

HP-REI

ERRORED SIGNAL

XXX XXX
AIS

= DETECTED = GENERATED

XXX XXX

= SENT BACK = MONITORED

PDH 140M

= SIGNAL PASSED THROUGH

HP-DEG
(1X10 E -5 e1X10 E -9) DEGRADATION

NEAR END

B3

PERFORMANCE COLLECTION

HP-DEG

NE
HP-REI

LINE

LINE

NE

TRIB

HP-DEG

G1 (1,2,3,4)

XXX XXX
AIS

= DETECTED = GENERATED

XXX XXX

= SENT BACK = MONITORED

PDH 140M

= SIGNAL PASSED THROUGH

HP-EXC
EXCESSIVE BIT ERROR RATE (e1X10 E -3)

NEAR END

B3

PERFORMANCE COLLECTION

HP-EXC

NE
HP-RDI

LINE

LINE

NE

TRIB

HP-EXC

G1 =XXXX100X

XXX XXX
AIS

= DETECTED = GENERATED

XXX XXX

= SENT BACK = MONITORED

PDH 140M

= SIGNAL PASSED THROUGH

HP-PLM
UNEXPECTED HIGHER PATH PAYLOD LABEL

C2

HP-PLM

TU-AIS

NE
HP-RDI

LINE

LINE

NE

TRIB

G1 =XXXX100X PDH-AIS

XXX XXX
AIS

= DETECTED = GENERATED

XXX XXX

= SENT BACK = MONITORED

PDH

= SIGNAL PASSED THROUGH

HP-LOM
TROUBLE ON THE MULTIFRAME ALIGNMENT WORD

H4

HP-LOM

TU-AIS

NE
LP-RDI

LINE

LINE

NE

TRIB

AIS

V5 = XXXXXXX1 PDH-AIS
= DETECTED = GENERATED
AIS

XXX XXX

XXX XXX

= SENT BACK

PDH
= MONITORED

1.5-2M

= SIGNAL PASSED THROUGH

TU-AIS
TROUBLE ON THE RX SIDE (AU-AIS, AU-LOP, HP-TIM, HP-PLM)

TU XC
TU-AIS TU-AIS

AIS

NE
LP-RDI

LINE

LINE

NE

TRIB

AIS

V5 = XXXXXXX1 PDH-AIS

PDH XXX XXX

AIS

= DETECTED = GENERATED

XXX XXX

= SENT BACK = MONITORED

1.5-2-34-45M

= SIGNAL PASSED THROUGH

TU-LOP
TROUBLE ON THE TU POINTER VALUE (DEGRADATION, HW FAILURE)

V5(1, 2)

TU-LOP

TU-AIS

NE
LP-RDI

LINE

LINE

NE

TRIB

AIS

V5 = XXXXXXX1

PDH-AIS

XXX XXX
AIS

= DETECTED = GENERATED

XXX XXX

= SENT BACK

PDH
= MONITORED

1.5-2-34-45M

= SIGNAL PASSED THROUGH

LP-TIM
RECEIVED LOWER PATH TRACE IDENTIFIER MISMATCH

J2

LP-TIM

NE
LP-RDI

LINE

LINE

NE

TRIB

LP-TIM

V5 = XXXXXXX1 PDH-AIS
= DETECTED = GENERATED
AIS

XXX XXX

XXX XXX

= SENT BACK

PDH
= MONITORED

1.5-2-34-45M

= SIGNAL PASSED THROUGH

LP-BIP
ERRORED SIGNAL

NEAR END

V5 (1, 2)

PERFORMANCE COLLECTION

LP-BIP

NE
LP-REI

LINE

LINE

NE

TRIB

LP-BIP

V5 (3)

XXX XXX
AIS

= DETECTED = GENERATED

XXX XXX

= SENT BACK = MONITORED

PDH 1.5-2-34-45M

= SIGNAL PASSED THROUGH

LP-RDI
V5 = XXXXXXX1
TROUBLE ON THE RECEIVED LP (TU-AIS, TU-LOP, LP-TIM, LP-PLM, LP-EXC)

LP-RDI

LP-RDI

NE

LINE

LINE

NE

TRIB

LP-RDI

PDH XXX XXX

AIS

= DETECTED = GENERATED

XXX XXX

= SENT BACK = MONITORED

1.5-2-34-45M

= SIGNAL PASSED THROUGH

LP-REI
FAR END

V5 (3)

PERFORMANCE COLLECTION

LP-REI

LP-REI

NE

LINE

LINE

NE

TRIB

LP-REI

ERRORED SIGNAL

XXX XXX
AIS

= DETECTED = GENERATED

XXX XXX

= SENT BACK = MONITORED

PDH 1.5-2-34-45M

= SIGNAL PASSED THROUGH

LP-DEG
(1X10 E -5 e1X10 E -9) DEGRADATION

NEAR END

V5 (1, 2)

PERFORMANCE COLLECTION

LP-DEG

NE
LP-REI

LINE

LINE

NE

TRIB

LP-DEG

V5 (3)

XXX XXX
AIS

= DETECTED = GENERATED

XXX XXX

= SENT BACK = MONITORED

PDH 1.5-2-34-45M

= SIGNAL PASSED THROUGH

LP-EXC
EXCESSIVE BIT ERROR RATE (e1X10 E -3)

NEAR END

V5 (1, 2)

PERFORMANCE COLLECTION

LP-EXC

NE
LP-RDI

LINE

LINE

NE

TRIB

LP-EXC

V5 = XXXXXXX1

XXX XXX
AIS

= DETECTED = GENERATED

XXX XXX

= SENT BACK = MONITORED

PDH 1.5-2-34-45M

= SIGNAL PASSED THROUGH

LP-PLM
UNEXPECTED LOWER PATH PAYLOD LABEL

NE
LP-RDI

LINE

LINE

NE

TRIB

LP-PLM

V5 = XXXXXXX1 PDH-AIS

XXX XXX
AIS

= DETECTED = GENERATED

XXX XXX

= SENT BACK

PDH
= MONITORED

1.5-2-34-45M

= SIGNAL PASSED THROUGH

LP-UNEQ
TU CHANNEL NOT CONNETTED
V5 (5, 6, 7) = 000

LP-UNEQ

NE

LINE

LINE

NE

TRIB

XXX XXX
AIS

= DETECTED = GENERATED

XXX XXX

= SENT BACK = MONITORED

PDH

= SIGNAL PASSED THROUGH

SDH Maintenance Interactions

Regenerator Section Multiplex Section "1" Higher Order Path Lower Order Path (J0) (B1) (K2) (B2) (M1) (K2)

LOS/LOF RS-TIM BIP Err.

AIS

MS-AIS MS-BIP Err. MS-REI MS-RDI AU-AIS AU-LOP

"1" AIS

"1" HP-UNEQ HP-TIM HP-BIP Err. HP-REI HP-RDI TU-AIS TU-LOP LOM HP-PLM LP-UNEQ LP-TIM LP-BIP Err. LP-REI LP-RDI LP-PLM "1" AIS "1" AIS "1" "1" AIS

(C2) (J1) (B3) (G1) (G1)

(H4) (C2) (V5) (J2) (V5) (V5) (V5) (V5)

Perfomance Parameter
ITU-T G.821 ES Errored Second
Second with > 1 bit error

SES Severely Errored Second ITU-T G.826

ES Errored Second

Second with BER > 1 x 10E-3

Second with> 1errored block Second with > 30% errored blocks or > 1 defect Errored block, not occuring as part of SES

SES Severely Errored Second BBE Background Block Error

UAS Unavailable Seconds:
10 sec Unavailability detected Unavailable Seconds < 10 sec

10 sec Availability detected

Time

THANK YOU