Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Human Diversity
Overview
What is Anthropology?
The Anthropological Perspective !trangers A"road #ace Culture
*Why are the tri"es and the nations o) the world di))erent and how have the present di))erences developed?+ Anthropology ,-./
5n this lecture6
#ethin7ing *#ace+
What is #ace? Do #aces really e8ist?
What is &volution?
What is #ace?
#ace vs( !pecies !pecies
;unctional De)inition< :em"ers o) the same !pecies can mate and have via"le o))spring( Human "eings 0Homo sapiens1 are one species(
Ethiopian
Malayan
Mongoloid
American
Caucasoid
Blumenbachs Classification (1775) !cientific" Approach Based on Coherence" of #raits $riginally included Cultural % Biological #raits &ations' (aces' )eoples
*Old )ashioned concepts o) race are not only social divisive "ut scienti)ically wrong6+
The 5dea o) #ace is "ased on *coherence+ o) traits 0esp( "iological1( Traits do not cohere( ->? o) "iological@ genetic variation occurs within human populations A? occurs between populations
http<@@anthro(palomar(edu@vary@de)ault(htm
*5ncoherent+ Traits
0&8ample o) 3iological and Cultural Traits1
3ara7 O"ama is )irst *3lac7+ nominee )or president o) a maCor political party( !ome people Duestion i) he is *really "lac7+2 EOT mainly "ecause o) "iology "ut "ecause o) culture 0e(g( the schools he went to2 the way he tal7s1(
Racial Categories?
#e)lectivity o) !7in?
*+
,-
#ype B
#ype A
#ype $
Do #aces &8ist?
People can "e classi)ied "ased on "iology(
!7in color 3lood Type F=lineage or mtDEA=lineage ;actor Analysis 0see Thompson 4..A reading1 Patrilineage 0C:5O in !ingapore1
9ourney o) :an
Why does !pencer Wells descri"e his research as tracing the Courney o) Man? What is meant "y the comment in )ilm that *A)ter H. ... years ago ( ( ( the )orm is )i8ed and culture ta7es o))(+? What were the maCor routes ta7en "y humans out o) A)rica? What are the signi)icance o) the $alahari Australia 5ndia and Central Asia in understanding the *Courney o) man+? How does !pencer WellsI interest in and portrayal of !an people in the )ilm compare to that o) Jee Wilmsen and others we will read a"out in this course? Why does the Wells argue that *Old )ashioned concepts o) race are not only socially divisive "ut scienti)ically wrong+? 5) he is correct what are the implications )or societies li7e !ingapore? How do we e8plain di))erence without the concept o) race?
http<@@news(nationalgeographic(com@news@4..4@,4@photogalleries@CourneyKo)Kman@
http<@@www(mygenetree(com@articles@types=o)=dna=tests@mitochondrial=dna(php
SUNDALAND
M>H ... years ago Coastal :igration MH ... years ago *Out o) Taiwan+ 0:alayo=Polynesian1 To !a"agascar
To !icronesia
:alayo=Polynesian &8pansion
*Out o) Taiwan+ MH ... years ago 3roadest &thno= Jinguistic Dispersal prior to ,H.. C(&( 0MH.. years ago1 !pread o) genes language culture and technology 3NT all together?
:alayo=Polynesian &8pansion
Janguage and Culture !pread )rom Taiwan ;arming Technology spread )rom Taiwan ' Papua Eew %uinea? People 0genes1 mi8ed<
M4.? *Out o) Taiwan+ M4.? )rom Coastal :igration MA.? *5ndigenous+ and other !ources
People 0genes1 Janguage Culture and Technology do not all spread together
http<@@anthro(palomar(edu@tutorials@physical(htm
http<@@anthro(palomar(edu@tutorials@physical(htm
What is &volution?
:erriam=We"ster Dictionary 0http<@@www(m=w(com@1<
a process o) change in a certain direction a process o) continuous change )rom a lower simpler or worse to a higher more comple8 or "etter state a process o) gradual and relatively peace)ul social political and economic advance
These are all BAD definitions according to contemporary scientific research in the field of evolution!!!
Progress#
PWells calls this the *!econd 3ig 3ang+ 0The mportance of !ulture" pp(,H.=,H,1
;rom H H.. 4 H.. yrs ago Nr"an Centers appear in< :esopotamia &gypt 5ndus Talley 0H H..=> H.. y(a(1 China 0R O.. y(a(1 Central ' !outh America 04 H.. y(a(1
Population %rowth
Population &8plosion )rom a"out ,O.. C(&( ,. ... y(a(< O million ,/H. C(&(< O.. million ,O4. C(&(< , "illion ,-R. C(&(< 4 "illion ,-A. C(&(< R "illion ,-/A C(&(< > "illion ,-O/ C(&(< H "illion 4..4 C(&(< A(R "illion