Educational Psychology

Twelfth Edition

Anita Woolfolk

2013, 2010, 2005, 2001, 1997 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter 1
Learning, Teaching, and Educational Psychology

Overview
I. Learning and Teaching Today

II. What Is Good Teaching?

III. The Role of Educational Psychology

Woolfolk Educational Psychology, 12e 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

1-3

What Would You Do?

Read What Would You Do?

What would you do to help all your students progress and prepare for the achievement tests? How would you make use of the intern so that both the intern and your students learn? How could you involve the families of your non-Englishspeaking students and of students with learning disabilities to support their childrens learning?

Woolfolk Educational Psychology, 12e 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Objectives

1.1: Describe the key elements and requirements of the No Child Left Behind Act. 1.2: Discuss the essential features of effective teaching. 1.3: Describe the methods used to conduct research in the field of educational psychology. 1.4: Recognize key theories of development and learning that influence educational practice.

Woolfolk Educational Psychology, 12e 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Learning and Teaching Today

Students Today

Dramatic Diversity Language 18% speak language other than English at home Ethnicity 22% of children are Latino SES 1 in 5 children lives in poverty Technology High levels of technological literacy

Woolfolk Educational Psychology, 12e 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Learning and Teaching Today

Teachers Today

91% are white. Teachers sense of efficacy A teachers belief that he or she can reach even difficult students to help them learn Predicts student achievement Grows from real success with students Experience and training are essential.

Woolfolk Educational Psychology, 12e 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Learning and Teaching Today

No Child Left Behind Act (2002)

Reauthorization of Elementary and Secondary School Act of 1965 All students in grades 38 must take standardized tests once per year. Schools must make AYP (Adequate Yearly Progress). A Blueprint for Reform: The Reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (March, 2010) Aims to reward excellent teaching and student growth Stay tuned

Woolfolk Educational Psychology, 12e 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Learning and Teaching Today

Do Teachers Make a Difference?

Teacher-Student Relationships Positive relationships are associated with school success. The Cost of Poor Teaching Ineffective teaching has long-lasting affects on academic gains.

Woolfolk Educational Psychology, 12e 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

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What Is Good Teaching?

Is Teaching a Science or an Art?

Beware of either/or choices. Teachers must be: Able use a range of strategies Flexible and inventive Knowledgeable about their students

Woolfolk Educational Psychology, 12e 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

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What Is Good Teaching?

Differentiated Instruction

Going beyond accommodating learner differences to seeing diversity as an array of strengths on which to build Creating curriculum that is Focused Engaging Demanding Important Scaffolded

Woolfolk Educational Psychology, 12e 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

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What Is Good Teaching?

Beginning Teachers

Concerns
Classroom management Motivating students Accommodating students with differences Evaluating student work Dealing with parents Getting along with other teachers

New Teacher: How am I doing? Experienced Teacher: How are the students doing? Educational psychology provides new teachers the foundation they need.
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Woolfolk Educational Psychology, 12e 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

The Role of Educational Psychology

Educational Psychology

In the Beginning Educators and psychologists observing children in classrooms Today Research on teaching and learning Child/adolescent development Motivation What happens when someone teaches something to someone else in some setting?

Woolfolk Educational Psychology, 12e 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

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The Role of Educational Psychology

Is It Just Common Sense?

Principles may seem obvious, but are the results of rigorous research. Often, common-sense responses may not be the best for students. Educational psychology is a field dedicated to the study of teaching and learning.

Woolfolk Educational Psychology, 12e 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

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The Role of Educational Psychology

Using Research to Understand and Improve Learning

Descriptive Studies Survey results Interview responses Video or audio of classroom interactions Correlation Studies Ask: What is the relation between two variables?

Woolfolk Educational Psychology, 12e 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

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The Role of Educational Psychology

Using Research

Experimental Studies Random assignment Cause-and-effect relationships Quasi-experimental studies Single-Subject Experimental Design Examines the impact of an intervention Microgenetic Studies Study cognitive processes in the midst of change

Woolfolk Educational Psychology, 12e 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

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The Role of Educational Psychology

Using Research

The role of time in research Short-term observations Longitudinal studies Teachers as researchers Action research (problem-solving investigation)

Woolfolk Educational Psychology, 12e 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

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The Role of Educational Psychology

Scientifically Based Research

NCLB: Educational programs and practices receiving federal funds must be based on scientific research. Systematic observation or experiments Rigorous data analysis procedures Clearly described and repeatable Must be peer reviewed

Woolfolk Educational Psychology, 12e 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

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The Role of Educational Psychology

Theories for Teaching

Principle: an established link between two or more factors Principles will help you with specific problems. Theory: an interrelated set of concepts that is used to explain a body of data and to make predictions about the results of future experiments Theories will provide new ways of thinking about problems. Hypothesis: a prediction of what will happen in a research study based on previous research

Woolfolk Educational Psychology, 12e 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

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The Role of Educational Psychology

The Research Cycle

Clear hypothesis or questions Systematic gathering and analyzing data Improving theories based on results Asking new questions

Woolfolk Educational Psychology, 12e 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

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The Role of Educational Psychology

Supporting Student Learning

Two groups of variables are directly linked to student achievement: Student personal factors Socio-contextual factors Educational psychology provides a base for developing knowledge and skills to support both groups.

Woolfolk Educational Psychology, 12e 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

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