Inverting & non-inverting

OP-Amplifiers

RFIC Laboratory
Academic Advisor : Prof. Nam-Young Kim
Kwangwoon Univ.
ITRC RFIC Center
17
th
Mar, 2009
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Contents
Objectives

Theory of Non-inverter OP Amplifier

Theory of inverter OP Amplifier

Applications of Operational Amplifiers

Simulation and Results


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Objectives
1. To Familiarize the Application of Op-amp as a Non-
Inverting Amplifier

2. To Familiarize the Application of Op-amp as an
Inverting Amplifier



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Non-inverting Amplifier
Vi
V
V
d
2
+
-
Vo
R
R
2
1

The voltage at both inputs must be equal.
No current flows into either of the op-amps inputs, so potential divider
R1 and R2 determine the voltage at the inverting input.
So voltage Vi applied to the non-inverting input causes the output
voltage to become positive until the fraction at the inverting input is equal.

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Non-inverter Op-Amplifier

Non-inverter OP Amplifier
Vi
V
V
d
2
+
-
Vo
R
R
2
1
2 1
2
1
2
1
0 for
1
O
I
O I
O
I
v
v v A
A
v
v v R
R
v R
v R
= = =
| |
= +
|
\ .
= +
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Non-inverting Amplifier
Vi
V
V
d
2
+
-
Vo
R
R
2
1
The fraction is given by the expression:
V
2
=V
B
= V
0
xR
2
/(R
1
+R
2
)
Feedback forces the two inputs to have an equal potential, So VA=VB
V
A
=V
i
= V
0
xR
2
/(R
1
+R
2
)
The gain is V
O
/V
1
, so transposing the equation we get:
A = V
O
/V
i
= (R
1
+R
2
) / R
1
Hence,
A = 1 + R
2
/R
1

Note: The Gain can never be less than 1.
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Non-inverting Amplifier
Vi
V
V
d
2
+
-
Vo
R
R
2
1
In another way,
If, V
0
= AV
d
V
d
= Vi V
2
Then, V
2
= V
0
xR
2
/(R
1
+R
2
)
Considering that,
V2 = V0
So, = V
2
/V
0
= R
2
/(R
1
+R
2
)
Then, V
0
= A V
d
= A (Vi - V
0
)
Hence, the closed loop gain of the amplifier becomes,
A
CL
= V
O
/Vi = A /(1 + A)
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1
2
2
1
2 1 1
1 1
1
1
0
R
R
v
v
R
R
v
R i v v
R
v
R
v v
i
I
O
I
O
I I
=
= =
~

=
+
Closed-loop
Open-loop
A -R
2
/ R
1
Poor Good
Gain
Accuracy
Inverting type Amplifier
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Inverter Op-Amplifier

Inverting type OP Amplifier
Vi
+
-
Vo
R
R
2
1
V
d
I = (V
d
V
0
)/R
2
= (V
d
AV
d
)/R
2
= (1-A)V
d
/R
2
Vi = IR1
And, V0 = - IR
2
So, Closed loop gain of Inverting amplifier becomes,
A
CL
= V
0
/V
i
= -IR
2
/IR
1
= - R
2
/R
1


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Application of Op-amps
Analog Calculators
Voltage Comparator
Digital to analog Converter (DAC)
Analog to digital Converter (ADC)
Summers
Differentiators
Integrators
Precision Rectifiers
Voltage Clampers
Amplifiers with various gain
Oscillators and
Waveform Generators etc..

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Application of Op-Amp: Weighted Summer
1 2
1 2
1 2
1 2
1 2
1 2
, , ...,
...
0
...
n
n
n
n
O f f
f f f
O n
n
v v v
i i i
R R R
i i i i
v iR iR
R R R
v v v v
R R R
= = =
= + + +
= =
| |
= + + +
|
\ .
+
-
-
+
O
v
1
R
f
R
2
R
n
R
1
i
2
i
n
i
i
0 V

1
v
2
v
n
v
i
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Modified Inverting Configuration for Higher R
i
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ + = =
3
4
2
4
1
2
1
R
R
R
R
R
R
v
v
G
I
O
For G = 100 and R
i
= 1 MO
R
1
= 1 MO, R
2
= R
4
= 1 MO, R
3
= 10.2 kO
Compared to R
1
= 1 MO, and R
2
= 100 MO for the conventional case
+
-
+
-
+
-
-
+
I
v
1
v
1
i
2
i
3
i
4
i
O
v
1
R
2
R
3
R
4
R
0
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Non-Inverting Amplifier Simulation
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Non-Inverting Amplifier Simulation Result
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Inverting Amplifier Simulation
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Inverting Amplifier Simulation Result
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Thank You!
Any Questions Please.
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I have some questions.
Why is it named Operational Amplifier (Op-amp)?

What is the meaning of open-loop gain?

What do you mean by closed-loop gain?

Why Op-amp is also called versatile amplifier?