Key Individual Differences and the Road to Success

Chapter Five

McGraw-Hill/Irwin 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Learning Objectives
LO.1 Define self-esteem, and explain how it can be improved with Brandens six pillars of self-esteem. LO.2 Define self-efficacy, and explain its sources. LO.3 Contrast high and low self-monitoring individuals, and discuss the ethical implications of organizational identification. LO.4 Identify and describe the Big Five personality dimensions, and specify which one is correlated most strongly with job performance. LO.5 Describe the proactive personality and an internal locus of control.
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Learning Objectives (cont.)

LO.6 Identify at least five of Gardners eight multiple intelligences. LO.7 Distinguish between positive and negative emotions, and explain how they can be judged. LO.8 Identify the four key components of emotional intelligence, and discuss the practical significance of emotional contagion and emotional labor. LO.9 Explain how psychological capital, deliberate practice, luck, and humility can pave your road to success.
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An Instructional Road Map for the Study of Individual Differences in Chapters 5 and 6

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Self-Esteem
Self-esteem
Belief about ones own self worth based on an overall self-evaluation.

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Brandens Six Pillars of Self-Esteem

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Can General Self-Esteem Be Improved?

Low self-esteem can be raised more by having a person think of desirable characteristics possessed rather than of undesirable characteristics from which he is free

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Self-Efficacy
Self-efficacy
a persons belief about his chances of successfully accomplishing a specific task

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Self-Efficacy Beliefs Pave the Way for Success or Failure

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Managerial Implications
On-the-job research evidence encourages managers to nurture self-efficacy, both in themselves and in others Significant positive correlation between selfefficacy and job performance

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Self-Monitoring
Self-monitoring
the extent to which a person observes his or her own self-expressive behavior and adapts it to the demands of the situation. chameleons

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Practical Recommendations
For high, moderate, and low selfmonitors:
Become more consciously aware of your selfimage and how it affects others.

For high self-monitors:

Dont overdo it by evolving from a successful chameleon into someone who is widely perceived as insincere, dishonest, phony, and untrustworthy.
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Practical Recommendations
For low self-monitors:
You can bend without breaking, so try to be a bit more accommodating while being true to your basic beliefs. Dont wear out your welcome when communicating.

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Organizational Identification
Organizational identification
occurs when one comes to integrate beliefs about ones organization into ones identity

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Personality: Concepts and Controversy

Personality
the combination of stable physical and mental characteristics that give the individual his or her identity

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The Big Five Personality Dimensions

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Question?
If Clint is dependable, responsible, achievement-oriented, and persistent, he is demonstrating which of these Big Five personality dimensions?

A.Extraversion B.Emotional stability C.Locus of control D.Conscientiousness

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Personality and Job Performance

Conscientiousness has the strongest positive correlation with job and training performance Extraversion is associated with success for managers and salespeople

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Proactive Personality
Proactive Personality someone who is relatively unconstrained by situational forces and who effects environmental change

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Locus of Control
Internal locus of control
People who believe they control the events and consequences that affect their lives

External locus of control

People who tend to attribute key outcomes in their lives to environmental causes, such as luck or fate

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Advice and Words of Caution about Personality Testing in the Workplace

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Question?
Joe believes his past performance in college is due to the difficulty of courses he has taken and his bad luck in getting tough instructors. Based on this, Joe:

A.has an external locus of control. B.is a proactive personality. C.is an extravert. D.has a low degree of conscientiousness.
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Abilities (Intelligence) and Performance

Ability
Stable characteristic responsible for a persons maximum physical or mental performance

Skill
Specific capacity to manipulate objects.

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Performance Depends on the Right Combination of Effort, Ability, and Skill

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Intelligence and Cognitive Abilities

Intelligence
capacity for constructive thinking, reasoning, and problem solving

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Two Types of Abilities 1. General mental ability needed for all 2.

cognitive tasks Unique to the task at hand

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Gardners Multiple Intelligences

Linguistic Logicalmathematical Musical

Bodykinesthetic

Spatial

Interpersonal

Intrapersonal

Naturalist
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Mental Abilities Underlying Performance

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Question?
Jimmy can remember the order preferences of each of his clients. This is the mental ability of ________.

A.Word fluency B.Numerical C.Spatial D.Memory

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Positive and Negative Emotions

Emotions
complex, patterned, organismic reactions

to how we think we are doing in our lifelong efforts to survive and flourish and to achieve what we wish for ourselves

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Positive and Negative Emotions

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Emotional Intelligence
Emotional Intelligence
ability to manage oneself and ones relationships in mature and constructive ways

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Question?
Dave is not very patient with restaurant service and will often complain loudly if things dont go as expected. He is not very high in __________. A.Aggressiveness B.Positive affectivity C.Emotional intelligence D.Behavioral attitude
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Developing Personal and Social Competence through Emotional Intelligence

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Emotional Contagion and Emotional Labor

Emotional contagion
Someones bad mood sours your mood Can literally catch another persons mood or displayed emotions

Emotional labor
Masking true feelings and emotions

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Psychological Capital
Psychological capital
Striving for success by developing ones selfefficacy, optimism, hope, and resiliency.

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Psychological Capital
Resiliency
The ability to handle pressure and quickly bounce back from personal and career setbacks

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Improving Your Luck 1. Be active and involved 2. Listen to your hunches about luck 3. Expect to be lucky no matter how bad the
situation 4. Turn your bad luck into good fortune

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Video Case: Keeping Your Emotions in Check

Why do managers need to be concerned with their emotions and the emotions of their subordinates? What are some of the strategies a person can use to keep emotions in check?

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Video: Toying with Success: The McFarlane Companies

What personality traits do entrepreneurs like Todd McFarlane possess that distinguish them from other individuals? Do you think McFarlane has an internal or external locus of control? What cognitive abilities do you think contributed most to McFarlanes success? Why is the development of new products such as sports figures critical to the McFarlane Companies? How important are self-efficacy beliefs and intelligence in the creative process that leads to new product concepts?

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