AIR PRE HEATERS

SCAPH & SOOT BLOWERS

TYPES AND FUNCTIONS, CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS,

 AIR PREHEATER IS AN HEAT RECOVERY UNIT USED IN THE LAST STAGE IN BOILER IT IS A HEAT EXCHANGER THAT ABSORBS WASTE HEAT FROM EXIT FLUE GAS IN BOILER AND TRANSFERS THE HEAT TO THE INCOMING COLD AIR IN UTILITY BOILERS IT IS USED TO HEAT THE AIR REQUIRED FOR COMBUSTION PURPOSE AS WELL AS DRY & TRANSPORT COAL

SCR:

SELECTIVE CATALYTIC REACTOR FOR NOx REDUCTION

 THE EFFICIENCY OF BOILER INCREASED BY 1 % FOR EVERY 20C DROP IN FLUE GAS TEMPERATURE

AN AIR PRE-HEATER HEATS THE COMBUSTION AIR WHERE IT IS ECONOMICALLY FEASIBLE

THE PRE-HEATING HELPS THE FOLLOWING:

IGNITING THE FUEL IMPROVING COMBUSTION DRYING THE PULVERIZED COAL IN PULVERIZER REDUCING THE STACK GAS TEMPERATURE AND INCREASING THE BOILER EFFICIENCY

ENABLES EFFICIENT BURNING OF LOWER GRADE FUELS

SAVES AS MUCH AS 15% ON FUEL COSTS

500 MW UNIT

AIR PREHEATERS CAN BE CLASSIFIED AS RECUPERATIVE AND REGENERATIVE TYPE BASED ON THEIR OPERATING PRINCIPLE

RECUPERATIVE AIR PREHEATER

TUBULAR AIR PREHEATER PLATE TYPE AIR PREHEATER

REGENERATIVE AIR PREHEATER

LJUNGSTROM TYPE AIR PREHEATER (THE ROTATING-PLATE ROTHEMAHLE TYPE AIR PREHEATER (THE STATIONARY-PLATE
REGENERATIVE AIR PREHEATERS) REGENERATIVE AIR PREHEATERS)

LJUNGSTROM AIR PREHEATER ARRENGEMENT

BISECTORS TYPE AIR PREHEATER TRISECTORS TYPE AIR PREHEATER QUADSECTOR TYPE AIR PREHEATER

 IN RECUPERATIVE TYPE AIR PREHEATER: FLUE GAS IS ON ONE

SIDE AND AIR IS ON THE OTHER SIDE OF TUBE OR PLATE AND THE HEAT TRANSFER IS BY CONDUCTION THROUGH THE MATERIAL WHICH SEPARATES THE MEDIA

THESE ARE OF STATIC CONSTRUCTION AND HENCE THERE IS ONLY NOMINAL LEAKAGE THROUGH EXPANSION

TUBULAR AIR PREHEATER (RECUPERATIVE)

HORIZONTAL TYPE TUBULAR

APH

VERTICAL TYPE TUBULAR

APH

 THIS USUALLY CONSISTS OF LARGE NUMBER OF STEEL TUBES OF 40 TO 65 mm DIAMETER EITHER WELDED OR EXPANDED INTO THE TUBE PLATES AT THE END

EITHER GAS OR AIR MAY BE ALLOWED TO FLOW THROUGH THE TUBE

GAS THROUGH THE TUBE NORMALLY REQUIRES HIGHER SIZE TUBE AND VERTICAL FLOW TO REDUCE FOULING
(ACCUMULATION OF UNWANTED MATERIAL)

SINGLE OR MORE PASSES ON THE GAS SIDE AND MULTIPASS CROSS FLOW ON THE AIR SIDE USUALLY FITS IN WITH THE OVERALL PLANT DESIGN THE PORTION OF AIR PREHEATER AT LOW TEMPERATURE ZONE IS DESIGNED NORMALLY WITH A SHORTER TUBE LENGTH SO AS TO FACILITATE MAINTENANCE OF SURFACES DUE TO CORROSION AND FOULING
8

 TUBULAR AIR PREHEATERS CONSIST OF STRAIGHT TUBE BUNDLES WHICH PASS THROUGH THE OUTLET DUCTING OF THE BOILER AND OPEN AT EACH END OUTSIDE OF THE DUCTING. INSIDE THE DUCTING, THE HOT FURNACE GASES PASS AROUND THE PREHEATER TUBES, TRANSFERRING HEAT FROM THE EXHAUST GAS TO THE AIR INSIDE THE PREHEATER. IN A TYPICAL TUBULAR AIR HEATER, ENERGY IS TRANSFERRED FROM THE HOT FLUE GAS FLOWING INSIDE MANY THIN WALLED TUBES TO THE COLD COMBUSTION AIR FLOWING OUTSIDE THE TUBES. THE UNIT CONSISTS OF A NEST OF STRAIGHT TUBES THAT ARE ROLL EXPANDED OR WELDED INTO TUBESHEETS AND ENCLOSED IN A STEEL CASING. INTERMEDIATE BAFFLE PLATES PARALLEL TO THE TUBE SHEETS ARE FREQUENTLY USED TO SEPARATE THE FLOW PATHS AND ELIMINATE TUBE DAMAGING FLOW INDUCED VIBRATION.
10

 THE POOR PERFORMANCE OF AN AIR PREHEATER IN THE MODERN POWER PLANTS IS ONE OF THE MAIN REASON FOR HIGHER UNIT HEAT RATE & IS RESPONSIBLE FOR DETERIORATION IN BOILER EFFICIENCY. THE MAIN PROBLEM OF AIR PREHEATER IS THE LEAKAGE OF AIR TO THE FLUE GAS SIDE & THEREBY RESULTING IN POOR THERMAL PERFORMANCE.
THE HIGHER ASH CONTENT IN INDIAN COAL ALSO ADDS TO THE

PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH TUBULAR AIR PREHEATER.

AIR PREHEATERS ARE DESIGNED TO MEET PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS WITH CONSIDERATION OF HIGHLY INFLUENCING PARAMETERS VIZ. HEAT TRANSFER, LEAKAGE AND PRESSURE DROP.

11

12

THESE COMPRISE OF PARALLEL PLATES WHICH PROVIDE ALTERNATE PASSAGE FOR GAS AND AIR THIS TYPE IS SIMPLE AND COMPACT COMPARED TO THAT OF TUBULAR TYPE THE NARROW PASSES BETWEEN PLATES MAKE THE CLEANING TEDIOUS BUT WITH SHOT CLEANING METHOD IT IS IMPROVED BUT REPLACEMENT IS A MAJOR TASK
SINGLE GAS PASS,TWO AIR PASS PLATE TYPE AIR PREHEATER
13

 IN REGENERATIVE TYPE THE HEATING MEDIUM FLOWS THROUGH A CLOSELY PACKED MATRIX TO RAISE ITS TEMPERATURE AND THEN AIR IS PASSED THROUGH THE MATRIX TO PICK-UP THE HEAT EITHER THE MATRIX OR THE HOODS ARE ROTATED TO ACHIEVE THIS AND HENCE THERE IS SLIGHT LEAKAGE THROUGH SEALING ARRANGEMENTS AT THE MOVING SURFACES

ROTATES WITH A LOW SPEED(2 rpm)

ROTOR IS DIVIDED INTO 12 OR 24 SECTIONS AND 12 OR 24 RADIAL DIVISIONS EACH SECTOR IS DIVIDED INTO SEVERAL TRAPEZOIDAL SECTIONS WITH TRANSVERSE DIVISION PLATES HEAT STORAGE PLATES ARE PLACED IN THESE SECTIONS THIS CONSISTS OF : ROTOR, SEALING APPARATUS,SHELL ETC.
14

15

12 SECTORS

24 SECTORS

16

 THE HEAT TRANSFER ELEMENTS ARE ROTATED AT A CONSTANT SPEED AND THEY PASS ALTERNATELY THROUGH GAS AND AIR PASSES.

THE DRIVE IS NORMALLY ELECTRICAL OPERATED THROUGH REDUCTION GEAR WITH COMPRESSED AIR MOTOR AS STANDBY
THE PLATES FORMING THE ELEMENTS (MATRIX) MAY BE VARIED IN SPACING AND THICKNESS AND COLD ENDS ARE MADE OF SPECIAL CORROSION RESISTANCE ALLOY SUCH AS CORTEN OR ENAMELED TO ACHIEVE CORROSION RESISTANCE THIS TYPE IS VERY COMPACT AND LENDS EASILY FOR DUCTING ARRANGEMENT EFFECTIVE CLEANING OF HEAT-TRANSFER SURFACE BY SOOT BLOWING IS POSSIBLE
17

18

19

20

THIS TYPE IS THE SAME AS THE LJUNGSTROM TYPE -EXCEPT THAT THE MATRIX ELEMENT IS STATIONARY AND THE AIR GAS HOODS ROTATE.
21

THE MAJORITY OF LJUNGSTRM AIR PREHEATERS SUPPLIED ARE IN THE BI-SECTOR DESIGN. THESE HEATERS HAVE TWO BASIC STREAMS, ONE OF GAS AND ONE OF AIR

22

 THIS TYPE OF AIR PREHEATER IS USED IN GAS AND OIL FIRED BOILERS, AND IN COAL FIRED BOILERS AS SEPARATE PREHEATERS FOR THE PRIMARY AND THE SECONDARY AIR.

23

 THIS TYPE OF AIR PREHEATER IS DIVIDED INTO THREE SECTIONS, ONE FOR THE FLUE GAS, ONE FOR THE PRIMARY AIR AND ONE FOR THE SECONDARY AIR.

24

 DESIGNED FOR COAL-FIRED APPLICATIONS THE TRI-SECTOR AIR PREHEATER PERMITS A SINGLE HEAT EXCHANGER TO PERFORM TWO FUNCTIONS: COAL DRYING AND COMBUSTION AIR HEATING

BECAUSE ONLY ONE GAS DUCT IS REQUIRED, THE NEED FOR DUCTWORK EXPANSION JOINTS, AND INSULATION IS GREATLY REDUCED WHEN COMPARED WITH A SEPARATE AIR HEATING SYSTEM
EQUIPMENT LAYOUT IS SIMPLIFIED, LESS STRUCTURAL STEEL IS NEEDED TO INSTALL THE SYSTEM AND LESS CLEANING EQUIPMENT IS REQUIRED THE DUCT ARRANGEMENT OF A TRI-SECTOR SHOWS THE AIR AND GAS FLOWS THROUGH THE UNIT. THE SIZE AND LOCATION OF THE PRIMARY AIR DUCT CAN VARY, DEPENDING ON THE FLOW AND TEMPERATURE REQUIREMENTS THE DESIGN HAS THREE SECTORS ONE FOR THE FLUE GAS, ONE FOR THE PRIMARY AIR THAT DRIES THE COAL IN THE PULVERIZER, AND ONE FOR SECONDARY AIR THAT GOES TO THE BOILER FOR 25 COMBUSTION

26

27

28

 THIS TYPE OF AIR PREHEATER IS A FURTHER DEVELOPMENT OF THE TRI-SECTOR TYPE. THE SECONDARY AIR SECTION IS DIVIDED INTO TWO SECTIONS EMBRACING THE PRIMARY AIR SECTION. THE ADVANTAGE OF THE QUADSECTOR TYPE COMPARED TO THE TRISECTOR TYPE IS THE REDUCED LEAKAGE.

29

THE QUAD-SECTOR TAKES THE FAMILY ONE STEP FURTHER, WITH FOUR FLOW STREAMS THROUGH THE ROTOR THE FOUR SECTORS COMPROMISE ONE GAS AND ONE PRIMARY AIR AS IN THE TRI- SECTOR, BUT THERE ARE TWO SEPARATE SECONDARY AIR SECTORS THE DESIGN HAS THE PRIMARY AIR SECTOR FLANKED' ON EITHER SIDE BY SECONDARY AIR, AND THIS HAS A BENEFIT ON THE TOTAL AIR-TO-GAS LEAKAGE OF THE UNIT THIS METHOD OF LEAKAGE REDUCTION IS IDEAL FOR APPLICATIONS WHERE THE PRESSURE DIFFERENTIAL BETWEEN THE AIR AND GAS SIDES ARE HIGH

30

31

 THE AIR PREHEATER CONSISTS OF THE FOLLOWING MAJOR COMPONENTS: ROTOR HEATING ELEMENTS BEARING

HOUSING
CONNECTING PLATES SEALING ARRANGEMENTS

DRIVE UNITS
CLEANING DEVICES SAFETY DEVICES
32

ROTOR:
THIS IS THE HEART OF THE EQUIPMENT RESEMBLING A SOLID CYLINDER WITH THE EXTENDED SHAFTS CONTAINING THE HEATING ELEMENTS THE DIAPHRAGM PLATES DIVIDE THE ROTOR INTO NUMBER OF SECTORS AND THESE SECTORS ARE DIVIDED INTO COMPARTMENTS BY DIVISION PLATES

HEATING ELEMENTS:
THE STANDARD MATERIALS ARE CARBON STEEL, CORTEN STEEL, STAINLESS STEEL AND ENAMELED COATED STEEL THEY ARE PACKED IN A REVERSIBLE CONTAINERS CALLED BASKETS, ARE PLACED IN ROTOR IN THREE TIERS: - HOT, INTERMEDIATE AND COLD THE NOTCHES ARE USED FOR MAINTAINING THE SPACES BETWEEN THE ELEMENTS AND MINIMIZING THE PRESSURE DROP ACROSS THE AIR PREHEATER
33

 THE HEATING ELEMENT IN THE FORM OF UNDULATED ARE PACKED INTO IRREVERSIBLE CONTAINERS CALLED BASKETS THE BASKETS OF HEATING ELEMENTS ARE PACKED IN EACH SEGMENT OF THE ROTOR IN THREE TIERS VIZ.

HOT END BASKET INTERMEDIATE END BASKET COLD END BASKET

34

HOT & INTEMEDIATE LAYERS

THE HEATING ELEMENT PLACED IN HOT & INTERMEDIATE LAYERS ARE HAVING A PROFILE CALLED DOUBLE UNDULATION

THEY ARE GENERALLY MADE OF CARBON STEEL

THE UNDULATION IN THE HEATING ELEMENTS CAUSES TURBULENCE TO THE GAS & AIR FOR EFFICIENT HEAT TRANSFER THE NOTCHES ARE FOR MAINTAINING THE SPACING BETWEEN THE ELEMENTS & MINIMIZING THE PRESSURE DROP ACROSS THE AIRPREHEATER

COLD END BASKET

THE COLD END HEATING ELEMENTS HAVE A NOTCHED FLAT PROFILE

THEY ARE MADE OF CORTEN STEEL WHICH IS CORROSION RESISTANT, AS COLD END ELEMENTS ARE PRONE FOR ACID ATTACK

35

36

 DOUBLE UNDULATED
DOUBLE NOCHED FLAT NOCHED CROSSED NOCHED CROSSED NOCHED UNDULATED CORRUGATED UNDULATED

37

MAXIMUM LIFE OF BASKETS USED IN 210 MW UNIT IS APPRXIMATE 5 YEARS

38

39

BEARINGS:
THE EXTENDED ENDS OF THE ROTOR POSTS ARE MOUNTED WITH BEARING ASSEMBLY

THE BEARINGS ARE OF SPHERICAL ROLLERS TYPES TO TAKE CARE OF EVEN SLIGHTEST AXIAL SHIFTS IF TAKES PLACE
BEARING AT COLD END ARE CALLED SUPPORT BEARINGS AND BEARING AT HOT END ARE CALLED GUIDE BEARING

HOUSING:
IT IS MADE OF NUMBER OF PANELS AND IS ASSEMBLED AT SITE TO FORM THE HOUSING TO ACCOMMODATE THE ROTOR INSIDE THESE PEDESTALS ARE ERECTED ON EXPANSION PLATES THAT ARE MOUNTED ON SUPPORT STEELS
40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

 IMPORTANCE OF SEALS
OPTIMAL AIR PREHEATER PERFORMANCE REQUIRES THAT THE HOT AND COLD SIDES OF THE AIR HEATER BE PROPERLY SEALED TO PREVENT CROSS-AIR LEAKAGE THAT NEGATIVELY AFFECTS PERFORMANCE. THE EXISTENCE OF THE CYCLICAL THERMAL DEFLECTION THAT OCCURS IN ROTARY AIR HEATERS, HOWEVER, MAKES SEALING ESPECIALLY DIFFICULT FOR THE MOST PART, PLANT OPERATORS TEND TO FOCUS ON THE DETERIORATION AND PLUGGING OF THE HEAT EXCHANGE ELEMENT IN AIR PREHEATERS, WHICH LEADS TO INCREASED PRESSURE DROP AND INCREASED DEMAND ON FORCED DRAFT AND ID FANS IN MANY CASES, THE PRESSURE DROP CAN BECOME SO GREAT THAT THE FANS CAN NOT MOVE ENOUGH AIR THROUGH THE PREHEATER TO SUSTAIN FULL LOAD. THIS IS ESPECIALLY COMMON DURING SUMMER MONTHS WHEN WARM AMBIENT TEMPERATURES THIN THE INCOMING AIR, PLACING A GREATER DEMAND ON BOILER FANS
48

THE AIR PRE-HEATER IS EQUIPPED WITH VARIOUS SEALING SYSTEMS LIKE IN ORDER TO MINIMIZE THE LEAKAGE OF AIR TO THE FLUE GASES
RADIAL SEALING (HOT END & COLD END) SYSTEM AXIAL SEALING SYSTEM CIRCUMFERENTIAL SEALING SYSTEM ROTOR POST SEALING SYSTEM

SECTOR PLATE STATIC SEALING SYSTEM

49

50

51

52

53

 RADIAL SEALS AND SECTOR PLATES ARE LOCATED AT THE HOT AND COLD ENDS OF THE AIR PREHEATER. THE RADIAL SEALS ARE ATTACHED TO THE DIAPHRAGMS, WHICH SEPARATE THE INDIVIDUAL ROTOR COMPARTMENT PURPOSE: - THE PURPOSE OF RADIAL SEALS IS TO REDUCE THE AREA AVAILABLE FOR LEAKAGE FROM THE AIR TO THE GAS SIDE BETWEEN THE DIAPHRAGM AND THE SECTOR PLATE

54

CIRCUMFERENTIAL SEAL

H.E. DIAPHRAGM

2.5MM RADIAL SEAL

H.E. ROTOR FLANGE

55

CIRCUMFERENTIAL SEALING SYSTEM

56

BOILER EFFICIENCY DECREASES GENERALLY ON ACCOUNT OF APH PERFORMANCE DEGRADATION. THIS ALSO AFFECTS ESP, ID & FD FAN LOADINGS & AT TIMES UNIT CAPABILITY

FACTORS AFFECTING APH PERFORMANCE

EXCESS AIR LEVEL / NO OF MILLS IN SERVICE PRIMARY AIR TO SECONDARY AIR RATIO MOISTURE IN COAL/ AIR INGRESS LEVEL PERFORMANCE OF UPSTREAM ASH EVACUATION SYSTEM PROCEDURE FOR CLEANING, SOOT BLOWING & REGULAR MAINTENANCE ETC.
HIGHER THAN EXPECTED LEAKAGE WOULD DECREASE THE FLUE GAS EXIT TEMPERATURE, RESULTING IN FALSE SENSE OF IMPROVED WORKING.

HIGHER INLET FLUE GAS TEMPERATURE IS RATHER RARE, BUT THIS COULD BE ONE REASON FOR HIGH EXIT TEMPERATURE.
OPTIMUM FLUE GAS TEMPERATURE IS REQUIRED FOR EFFECTIVE ESP PERFORMANCE UNEQUAL TEMPERATURE AT AIR HEATER EXIT SHOULD BE INVESTIGATED.
57

IN ADDITION TO INCREASE IN BOILER EFFICIENCY THE OTHER ADVANTAGES THAT MAY RESULT IN ARE LISTED BELOW: STABILITY OF COMBUSTION IS IMPROVED BY USE OF HOT AIR. INTENSIFIED AND IMPROVED COMBUSTION. BURNING POOR QUALITY FUEL EFFICIENTLY. HIGH HEAT TRANSFER RATE IN THE FURNACE AND HENCE LESSER HEAT TRANSFER AREA REQUIREMENT. LESS UNBURNT FUEL PARTICLE IN FLUE GAS THUS COMPLETE COMBUSTION IS ACHIEVED. INTENSIFIED COMBUSTION PERMITS FASTER LOAD VARIATION. IN THE CASE OF PULVERIZED COAL COMBUSTION, HOT AIR CAN BE USED FOR DRYING THE COAL AS WELL AS FOR TRANSPORTING THE PULVERIZED COAL TO BURNERS. THIS BEING A NON-PRESSURE PART WILL NOT WARRANT SHUT-DOWN OF UNITS DUE TO CORROSION OF HEAT TRANSFER SURFACE WHICH IS INHERENT WITH LOWERING OF FLUE GAS TEMPERATURE.

LOWER GRADES OF COALS CAN BE BURNT EFFICIENTLY WITH HOT AIR.

58

STEAM COIL AIR PRE-HEATER ( SCAPH )

59

 STEAM COIL AIR PREHEATERS ( SCAPHS ) ARE USED TO HEAT AIR ENTERING THE AIR HEATER RECUPERATIVE OR REGENERATIVE TYPE, IN ORDER TO RAISE THE AVERAGE COLD END TEMPERATURE TO PREVENT ACID DEW POINT CORROSION. THIS TYPE OF EQUIPMENT IS NORMALLY INCORPORATED INTO THE DESIGN OF A BOILER UNIT FOR LOW LOAD OPERATION AND START UP OPERATION PARTICULARLY IN THOSE AREAS WITH LOW AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURES. THEY ARE DESIRABLE IN THAT THE MAIN AIR HEATERS, RECUPERATIVE OR REGENERATIVE, HAVE CORROSION SECTIONS THAT ARE MORE READILY MAINTAINED THIS TYPE OF AIR HEATER USES EXTENDED SURFACE, NORMALLY REFERRED TO AS FINS, TO REDUCE THE OVERALL SIZE OF THIS AIR PREHEATER.

IT IS GENERALLY LOCATED IN THE DUCT BETWEEN THE FD FAN AND THE MAIN AIR HEATER. IN THOSE AREAS THAT HAVE EXTREMELY LOW AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURES, IT IS COMMON TO HAVE THIS AHEAD OF THE FD FAN THAT COULD PREHEAT COLD WINTER AIR UP TO ABOUT 40 DEGREES F.
60

61

62

63

FOLLOWING THREE TYPES OF SOOT BLOWERS, IN REQUISITE NUMBERS, ARE PROVIDED :

1. LONG RETRACTABLE SOOT BLOWERS 2. WATER WALL SOOT BLOWER 3. AIR PREHEATER SOOT BLOWER SUPERHEATED STEAM IS TAPPED FROM SUPERHEATER FOR THE PURPOSE OF SOOT BLOWING. THE PRESSURE IS REDUCED TO 31 kg/cm2 AT 3300C BY MEANS OF PRESSURE REDUCING VALVE. THE SOOT BLOWERS ARE USED FOR EFFICIENT ON-LOAD CLEANING OF FURNACE, SUPERHEATERS, REHEATERS AND REGENERATIVE AIR HEATERS.

64

REDUCED EFFICIENCY
SOOT DEPOSITED ON THE HEATING SURFACES OF A BOILER ACTS AS A HEAT INSULATOR. THE RESULT IS THAT LESS HEAT IS TRANSFERRED TO THE WATER TO RAISE STEAM AND MORE HEAT IS WASTED THROUGH THE CHIMNEY. THIS LEADS TO HIGHER FUEL CONSUMPTION AND/OR POOR STEAMING.

SOOT FIRES
A SOOT FIRE CAN BE DAMAGING TO A BOILER BECAUSE IT CAN CAUSE LOCALIZED HOTSPOTS TO OCCUR IN THE TUBES. THESE HOT SPOTS MAY REACH TEMPERATURES THAT WEAKEN THE MATERIALS OF THE TUBES.

SOOT BLOWERS REDUCE THE RISK OF SOOT FIRES AND THEIR RESULTING DAMAGE.

65

 A SOOT BLOWER IS A SYSTEM FOR REMOVING THE SOOT THAT IS DEPOSITED ON THE FURNACE TUBES OF A BOILER DURING COMBUSTION. VARIOUS TYPES OF SOOT BLOWERS SUCH AS WALL BLOWERS, LONG RETRACTABLE BLOWERS AND AIR HEATER BLOWERS ARE USED FOR THE CLEANING. STEAM IS NORMALLY USED AS A MEDIUM FOR BLOWING AWAY THE SOOT.

66

 A SOOT BLOWER MAY BE OPERATED MANUALLY OR BY A REMOTELY CONTROLLED MOTOR. THE SOOT, WHICH IS REMOVED FROM THE HEATING SURFACES, WILL BE BLOWN OUT WITH THE FLUE GASES. IF THE BOILER IS EQUIPPED WITH A DUST COLLECTOR, IT WILL TRAP THE SOOT. OTHERWISE, THE SOOT WILL BE EJECTED INTO THE OUTSIDE AIR THROUGH THE CHIMNEY STACK.

67

 STEAM GENERATING PLANTS ARE CLEANED ON-LINE BY REGULARLY REMOVING ASH DEPOSITS THAT ACCUMULATE ON HEAT TRANSFER SURFACES. THIS MAINTAINS MAXIMUM THERMAL EFFICIENCY OF THE BOILER (OPTIMIZES HEAT RATE) AND MAINTAINS FLUE GAS TEMPERATURES WITHIN DESIGN CONDITIONS AT KEY LOCATION. THIS, IN TURN, SUPPORTS THE OPTIMUM OPERATION OF AIR POLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENT.

ON-LINE CLEANING ALSO PREVENTS THE PLUGGING OF GAS PASSAGES IN THE BOILER.

BLOCKAGE

AND

68

69

70

 THE APPLICATION OF SOOT BLOWERS IS INDIVIDUAL FOR EACH BOILER. IN GENERAL, SOOT BLOWERS ARE USED FOR CLEANING SUPERHEATER, REHEATER AND ECONOMIZER. THERE ARE SEVERAL TYPES OF SOOT BLOWERS LIKE FULL RETRACTABLE, HALF RETRACTABLE, OSCILLATING AND RAKE TYPE OF SOOT BLOWERS. THE DESIGN AND LAYOUT OF SOOT BLOWERS IS INDIVIDUAL AND SPECIFIC TO MEET THE INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS LIKE FLUE GAS TEMPERATURE, CLEANING EFFECT, CLEANING AREA, ETC. INTELLIGENT SOOT BLOWING ENABLES TO USE THE CLEANING FORCE OF THE SOOT BLOWERS SELECTIVELY AND TARGETTED ACCORDING TO THE DEMAND OF THE STEAM GENERATOR.

71

72

73

74

75

LOCATION FURNACE PLATEN, CONVENTION SUPER HEATER & REHEATER AIR HEATER

HEADER 30

(Kg/cm2)

TYPE
WALL BLOWERS RWSE LONG RETRACTAB LE

QTY./BOILER 56

MEDIUM
SUPER HEATED STEAM SUPER HEATED

30

20

30

SWIVELING

SUPER HEATED STEAM

76

77